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Glossary of Key Terms Related to Human Anatomy and Physiology, Apuntes de Inglés Técnico

A glossary of 35 essential terms related to human anatomy and physiology, including definitions of concepts such as acid-base balance, blood pressure, body temperature, calcium, carbon dioxide, and various electrolyte imbalances. These terms are crucial for understanding the functioning of the human body.

Qué aprenderás

  • What is the definition of acid-base balance?
  • What is the role of baroreceptors in the body?
  • What is the difference between negative and positive feedback in the body?

Tipo: Apuntes

2020/2021

Subido el 16/11/2021

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Name: Sandra Carolina Gallegos Ponce
Make a glossary of at least 35 words about reading 5 and 6.
Glossary
1. Acid-base balance: Is a refers to the mechanisms the body uses to keep its
fluids close to neutral pH (that is, neither basic nor acidic) so that the body can
function normally.
2. Adaptive control: it is a type of delayed negative feedback; it consists of a
correction in subsequent movements.
3. Baroreceptor: Are a type of mechanoreceptors allowing for relaying
information derived from blood pressure within the autonomic nervous system.
4. Blood pressure (BP): Is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of
blood vessels.
5. Body temperature: Is the normal temperature of the human body. A person's
normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit or 36 degrees Celsius.
6. Calcium: Is the chemical element of atomic number 20, a soft gray metal.
7. Carbon dioxide: Is a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and
organic compounds and by respiration.
8. Centigrade / Celsius (°C): Is a unit for measuring temperature, based on the
properties of water. Relating to, conforming to, or having a thermometric scale
on which the interval between the freezing point of water and the boiling point
of water is divided into 100 degrees with 0° representing the freezing point and
100° the boiling point.
9. Cervix: Is the narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus.
10. Childbirth: Is the action of giving birth to a child.
11. Chloride: Is a compound of chlorine with another element or group, especially
a salt of the anion Cl− or an organic compound with chlorine bonded to an
alkyl group.
12. Clotting: Is a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood, or of material
stuck together.
13. Convulsion: Is a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limb or of the body,
caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associated especially with
brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certain toxins or other agents
in the blood, or fever in children.
14. Extracellular fluid: In biology, is a body fluid that is not contained in cells.
15. Fahrenheit (°F): Of or denoting a scale of temperature on which water freezes
at 32° and boils at 212° under standard conditions.
16. Health: Is the state of being free from illness or injury.
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Name: Sandra Carolina Gallegos Ponce

Make a glossary of at least 35 words about reading 5 and 6.

Glossary

  1. Acid-base balance: Is a refers to the mechanisms the body uses to keep its fluids close to neutral pH (that is, neither basic nor acidic) so that the body can function normally.
  2. Adaptive control: it is a type of delayed negative feedback; it consists of a correction in subsequent movements.
  3. Baroreceptor: Are a type of mechanoreceptors allowing for relaying information derived from blood pressure within the autonomic nervous system.
  4. Blood pressure (BP): Is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
  5. Body temperature: Is the normal temperature of the human body. A person's normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit or 36 degrees Celsius.
  6. Calcium: Is the chemical element of atomic number 20, a soft gray metal.
  7. Carbon dioxide: Is a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.
  8. Centigrade / Celsius (°C): Is a unit for measuring temperature, based on the properties of water. Relating to, conforming to, or having a thermometric scale on which the interval between the freezing point of water and the boiling point of water is divided into 100 degrees with 0° representing the freezing point and 100° the boiling point.
  9. Cervix: Is the narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus.
  10. Childbirth: Is the action of giving birth to a child.
  11. Chloride: Is a compound of chlorine with another element or group, especially a salt of the anion Cl− or an organic compound with chlorine bonded to an alkyl group.
  12. Clotting: Is a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood, or of material stuck together.
  13. Convulsion : Is a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limb or of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associated especially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certain toxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children.
  14. Extracellular fluid: In biology, is a body fluid that is not contained in cells.
  15. Fahrenheit (°F): Of or denoting a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° under standard conditions.
  16. Health: Is the state of being free from illness or injury.
  1. Heart: is a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation.
  2. Homeostatic: A property of cells, tissues, and organisms that allows the maintenance and regulation of the stability and constancy needed to function properly. Homeostasis is a healthy state that is maintained by the constant adjustment of biochemical and physiological pathways.
  3. Hyperkalemia: Is a higher-than-normal level of potassium in the bloodstream. If the potassium ion concentration increases to two or more times normal, the heart muscle is likely to be severely depressed.
  4. Hyperthermia: Is the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. For example, an increase in the body temperature of only 11°F (7°C) above normal can lead to a vicious cycle of increasing cellular metabolism that destroys the cells.
  5. Hypocalcemia: Is a deficiency of calcium in the bloodstream. When the calcium ion concentration falls below about one-half normal, a person is likely to experience tetanic contraction of muscles throughout the body because of the spontaneous generation of excess nerve impulses in the peripheral nerves.
  6. Hypoglycemia: Is a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream. When the glucose concentration falls below one-half normal, a person frequently develops extreme mental irritability and sometimes even convulsions.
  7. Hypokalemia: Is a deficiency of potassium in the bloodstream. An important factor is the potassium ion concentration because whenever it decreases to less than one-third normal, a person is likely to be paralyzed because of the nerves’ inability to carry signals.
  8. Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg): is a manometric unit of pressure, formerly defined as the extra pressure generated by a column of mercury one millimeter high, and currently defined as exactly 133 pascals.
  9. Millimoles per liter (mmol/L): Some medical tests report results in millimoles per liter (mmol/L). A mole is an amount of a substance that contains a large number (6 followed by 23 zeros) of molecules or atoms. A millimole is one- thousandth of a mole. A liter measures fluid volume. It is a little bigger than a quart.
  10. Negative feedback: Is the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it. For example, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.
  11. Nerve signals: Is the progressive physicochemical change in the membrane of a nerve fiber that follows stimulation and serves to transmit a record of sensation from a receptor or an instruction to act to an effector.