YMCA Chapter 1-11 Review Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified A+, Exams of Socialization and the Life Course

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YMCA Chapter 1-11 Review Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified A+

What is the primary responsibility of a lifeguard? - ANS-✔✔To prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at their aquatic facility

What are three examples of how lifeguards fulfill their primary responsibility? - ANS-✔✔Monitoring activities in and near the water through patron surveillance

Preventing injuries by minimizing or eliminating hazardous situations or behaviors

Enforcing facility rules and regulations and educating patrons about them

List five examples of secondary responsibilities that should never interfere with patron surveillance? - ANS-✔✔Testing pool water chemistry

Assisting patrons, such as performing safety orientations, administering swim tests and fitting for life jackets

Cleaning or performing maintenance

Completing records and reports

Performing opening duties, closing duties or facility safety checks and inspections

List five characteristics of a professional lifeguard? - ANS-✔✔Knowledgeable and Skilled

Reliable

Mature

Courteous and Consistent

Positive

Lifeguards should: - ANS-✔✔Always be attentive and sit or stand upright when on surveillance duty

A lifeguard is texting while on surveillance duty and fails to recognize a swimmer in

distress. What legal principle could be a problem for this lifeguard? - ANS-✔✔negligence

List the five steps that a lifeguard should take when obtaining consent from an injured or ill person before providing first aid or emergency care: - ANS-✔✔1) State your name

2. State your level of training

3. Ask if you may help

4. Explain that you would like to assess them to find out what you think may be wrong or what you can do to help

5. Explain what you plan to do

What is the validity period of an American Red Cross Lifeguarding certification?

How does an American Red Cross certified lifeguard get recertified? - ANS-✔✔The American Red Cross Lifeguarding/First Aid/CPR/AED Certification is valid for 2 years. Additional training may be required to meet state and local regulations or facility-specific policies.

■ To re-certify, American Red Cross certified Lifeguards with a current certification may participate in a review course.

■ Individuals with an expired American Red Cross Lifeguarding/First Aid/CPR/AED certification may participate in the full Lifeguarding course.

Why is it important to attend a pre-season orientation and training? - ANS-✔✔To ensure that lifeguards understand their responsibilities and know how to perform their job. To ensure that lifeguards get practice with their facility's safety and rescue equipment and emergency action plans. To ensure lifeguards understand codes, rules, and regulations of the facility.

What does EAP stand for? - ANS-✔✔Emergency Action Plan

Why is it important for lifeguards and other team members to understand and

What items are considered to be personal protective equipment for a lifeguard? - ANS-✔✔■ Gloves

■ Resuscitation masks

■ Gowns

■ Shields

■ Protective Eyewear.

What equipment should be worn or carried by a lifeguard at all times while on

duty? List at least two and include the reason(s) why this equipment should be worn

or carried. - ANS-✔✔- A Rescue tube should be worn at all times when performing patron surveillance.

Rescue tubes are capable of keeping multiple victims afloat and they are the primary

pierce of equipment used to perform a water rescue.

• Hip-packs containing gloves and resuscitation mask(s) should be worn by lifeguards

at all times, even when not on surveillance duty, so that equipment is instantly

available in an emergency.

• Resuscitation mask(s) allow lifeguards to breathe air into a victim without making

mouth-to-mouth contact. Resuscitation mask(s) should be carried in the Lifeguard's

hip pack at all times, even when not on surveillance duty, so that it is available

instantly in an emergency.

• A Whistle is a signaling device for lifeguards used to activate the facility's EAP and

to get attention of other members of the safety team as well as patrons for policy

enforcement. Whistles should be loud, made of material that will not rust and have

breakaway lanyards. Lifeguards should wear whistles at all times.

• Disposable Gloves are used to protect lifeguards that may be exposed to blood

or other potentially infectious material (OPIM). Gloves should be carried in the

Lifeguard's hip pack at all times, even when not on surveillance duty, so that they are

available instantly in an emergency.

What safety equipment/items should be easily accessible for a lifeguard while on duty? List at least two and describe how/when each item is used. - ANS-✔✔- Backboards are a standard piece of equipment used at aquatic facilities to

remove victims from the water when they are unable to exit the water on their own

or they have a possible head, neck or spinal injury.

• Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are used to analyze the hearts

rhythm and deliver an electrical shock (when needed) to help re-established an

effective heart rhythm. AEDs are used in conjunction with CPR.

• First aid kits include supplies used to treat common injuries at aquatic facilities

including bleeding and wounds and help stabilize injuries to muscles, bones and

joints.

• Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) resuscitators are used to ventilate a victim in respiratory

arrest or when performing CPR with more than one rescuer.

Which list of typical rules, along with others, applies to a lakefront swimming area? - ANS-✔✔No swimming under piers, no fishing near swimming area

In a waterpark setting, what additional items might be included in a safety checklist? - ANS-✔✔- Shoreline is clean and free of sharp objects

• Bottom conditions are free from hazards
• Water conditions are safe for swimming
• Piers are anchored, stable, free from trip or injury hazards
• Lifeguard stands and surrounding areas are clear of objects

Why should waterparks have signs posted at every attraction stating the water depth? - ANS-✔✔To prevent patrons from finding themselves in what is deeper or shallower water

than expected.

What rules are typically covered for waterpark attractions? - ANS-✔✔- The minimum or maximum number of people allowed on an attraction or a tube at a time.

• The maximum height or age requirements in areas designated for small children.
• The minimum height or weight requirements for patrons using an attraction.
• Life jacket requirements.
• Health restrictions.

-Proper riding position for a slide or ride vehicle.

What are some factors that make lifeguarding waterparks different than a typical pool? - ANS-✔✔- Various attractions (winding rivers, water slides, wave pools, splash castles, etc.)

• Ride vehicles
• Currents on attractions
• Potentially larger crowds

• Different rules and EAPs

In general, there are three types of swimmers in distress or drowning victims. List each type with three observable characteristics for each. - ANS-✔✔Distress swimmer:

• head above water
• floating or treading water
• trying to support self by holding or clinging to a lane line or safety line

Drowning victim - active:

• tilted head back with face looking up
• struggling to keep or get the head above the surface of the water
• no forward progress

Drowning victim - passive:

• Face up or facedown in the water or submerged
• not breathing

Limp floating at the service or sinking/submerged at the bottom

When's the best time to use a roving station? - ANS-✔✔Good to use with a crowded zone

When's the best time to use a elevated stations? - ANS-✔✔Ideal for a single guard facility

When's the best time to use a ground-level station? - ANS-✔✔Puts you close to the patrons to easily make assists

When's the best time to use a floating station? - ANS-✔✔Used in waterfront facilities to patrol the outer edge of a swimming area

You are distracted by the glare of the lights on the water and the water movements are making it hard to see all areas of your zone. Circle all acceptable options. - ANS-✔✔- wear polarized sunglasses

• adjust your body position; stand up to look around and through the glare spots
• reposition the lifeguard station with the permission of your supervisor
• be aware of the normal appearance of the bottom of the pool; know the appearance of the drains, colored tiles or painted depth marking

Why is it important for lifeguard managers to conduct drills to test zones? - ANS-✔✔Lifeguard zones should be set up for success—the lifeguard must be able to clearly see all parts of the zone as well as be able to quickly respond in an emergency.

Fill in the blank: __________________________________________ , which can be described as rapid, deep breathing, is a dangerous technique used by some swimmers to try to swim long distances underwater or to hold their breath for

an extended period while submerged in one place. If you see these dangerous

activities, you must intervene. - ANS-✔✔Voluntary hyperventilation

RID stands for? - ANS-✔✔Recognition Instructive Distraction

During rotation, both lifeguards must ensure there is no lapse in patron

surveillance, even for a brief moment. To ensure this, what should each

lifeguard do? - ANS-✔✔The incoming lifeguard should: Search the zone and activity level of the zone that you will be guarding. Begin searching your zone as you are walking toward your station, checking all areas of the water from the bottom to the surface.

The outgoing lifeguard should:

Inform the incoming lifeguard of any situations that need special attention. The exchange of information should be brief, and patron surveillance must be maintained throughout

the entire rotation. Once in position, with the rescue tube strapped in place, the incoming lifeguard should make any adjustments needed, such as removing shoes or adjusting an umbrella before confirming to you that they own the zone. Confirm and signal that the zone is clear and transfer responsibility for the zone. You should continue scanning as you are walking toward the next station.

Which scanning challenge often occurs at waterfronts but should not exist at pools? - ANS-✔✔murky water

Who normally provides training for watercraft used at some waterfront facilities? - ANS-✔✔Facility management

In a waterpark setting, which type of lifeguard stations might you encounter in a rotation? - ANS-✔✔- Elevated stations

• Ground-Level stations
• Roving stations
• Dispatch stations
• Landing zone stations

What are lifeguards guarding at dispatch stations responsible for? - ANS-✔✔Assessing each potential rider to ensure that they meet all of the requirements for riding the attraction. Verifying that each rider wishing to ride the attraction is capable of holding themselves in the proper riding position.

What are some characteristics unique to waterpark features that may make it more difficult to see a drowning victim? - ANS-✔✔Current, moving water or waves of an attraction

Unexpected changes in depth

Floating play structures

Tubes or other ride vehicles from which patrons may fall

rough for young children.

• Toddlers who are still learning to walk may fall easily. If they fall down in water, they

usually cannot lift themselves to an upright position, even if the water is ankle or

knee deep.

Play structures:

• Do not let a play structure become overcrowded. Be prepared to restrict the number of patrons using it at one time
• Do not allow patrons to swim underneath structures.

Identify three strategies for ensuring safe group visits. - ANS-✔✔- Booking procedure. Before the visit, group leaders should provide the aquatic

facility with information about how many group members and supervisors will be

visiting, including swimmer characteristics such as percentage of swimmers and non-

swimmers.

• Safety orientation. Conducted when the group first arrives at the facility.
• Classification of swimming abilities/Swim testing. Swim tests are administered

to determine if a visitor has the minimum level of swimming ability required to

participate safely in activities, such as swimming in water over their head or riding on

certain slides.

Why is it important to educate your patrons about safety in, on and around the water? - ANS-✔✔- Patrons need to know about the risks that can cause injury

• Patron education and instruction on how to use equipment and follow rules can prevent

behaviors that lead to injury

• Patrons may be unfamiliar with facility features, or be so excited that they do not read

signs or pay attention to rules.

You are in the lifeguard office taking a break from surveillance duty and a camp counselor requests a swim test for a new camper. You use the Red Cross water competency sequence to conduct a swim test. Describe these steps in order: - ANS-✔✔1) Enter the water and completely submerge.

2. Recover to the surface and remain there for at least one minute (floating or treading).

3. Rotate 360 degrees and orient to the exit.

4. Level off and propel yourself on the front or the back through the water for at least 25 yards. 5)

5. Exit from the water.

At waterfront facilities using swim tests for group visits, areas for nonswimmers should: - ANS-✔✔Be separated from the swimmer area with a continuous barrier, such as a pier or buoyed lifeline.

Many facilities have unique challenges that require different guarding strategies. For each situation listed below, list two guidelines you should keep in mind when guarding patrons at the following attractions. - ANS-✔✔Aquatic attractions:

• Watch patrons as they enter and exit an attraction. Dispatch patrons safely on a ride at

set intervals. Dispatching is the method of informing patrons when it is safe for them to proceed on a ride.

• Carefully watch both the water below and the activities overhead.

Wave pools:

• Ensure that patrons enter only in the shallow end.
• When the waves are on, stand up to get a better view of patrons.

What additional challenges might you face when enforcing rules in a waterpark? - ANS-✔✔- Background music

• Loud patrons
• Large crowds

Describe the actions of the additional safety team members listed below during a rescue where the victim is unresponsive and requires additional emergency care. - ANS-✔✔Other lifeguards:

1)Assist with the rescue by providing emergency care.

2)Provide back-up zone coverage or clear the area.

Additional safety team members: (Front desk staff, maintenance staff or others as designated by the EAP)

1)Summon EMS Personnel.

2)Bring additional equipment if necessary.

3)Clear the area or facility.

4)Control the crowd.

5)Meet EMS personnel.

6)Assist the lifeguards by providing emergency care (if trained and outlined in the EAP).

When completing a report, you should: - ANS-✔✔Collect all factual information about what was seen, heard and the actions taken.

Who should deal with questions from the media after an incident? Select all that apply. Why? - ANS-✔ ✔The company spokesperson, The facility manager

Only management or a designated spokesperson should talk to the media or others about an incident. Sharing details about an incident could violate a victim's privacy, which is protected by confidentiality laws. Failure to follow facility procedures for dealing with the media could lead to legal action.

Why might a supervisor chose NOT to re-open a facility that was closed during an emergency? Provide one example. - ANS-✔✔Not enough lifeguards ready to return to surveillance duty.

Members of the safety team, including non-lifeguard personnel, should be: - ANS-✔✔Trained and certified in first aid and CPR/AED at the same level of the lifeguard team

After an emergency has been resolved, there are still three important tasks to

complete. Explain each task. - ANS-✔✔Report: Fill out the appropriate incident report form as quickly as possible after providing care.

Advise: Give the victim safety instructions to prevent a similar incident from recurring or

recommend that the person follow-up with a health care provider.

Release: In some cases, you will release the person under their own care or to a parent, guardian,

camp counselor, group leader, instructor or other staff member.

You must be prepared to respond to emergencies that are outside of the imme diate aquatic environment and not part of your zone of responsibility. Describe three areas where these emergencies could occur. - ANS-✔✔Locker rooms

Concession areas

Entrance and lobby areas

An EAP for a missing person includes quickly checking if the person is in the water. Checking for a submerged victim is most difficult for which area? - ANS-✔✔Underneath play structures at a waterfront with murky water

What additional steps might be included in the EAP for a wave pool, a winding river and the landing zone of a speed slide? - ANS-✔✔Pressing the emergency stop (E-stop) button to turn off the waves in a wave pool

Shutting off the flow of water in a slide or winding river

Stopping the dispatch of riders at a speed slide.

In addition to the correct answer(s) above, what additional factors should be considered when deciding how to enter the water and why? - ANS-✔✔Water depth and/or design of the lifeguard station different entries are recommended for different water depths and various lifeguard stations/positions

• The slide-in entry is safest in most conditions, including shallow water
• The stride jump should only be used if the water is at least 5-feet deep and you are no more than 3- feet above water
• The compact jump should only be used when the water is at least 5-feet deep and can be used from the deck or from a height, such as on a lifeguard stand
• The run-and-swim entry should be used to enter the water from a zero-depth entry, gradual slope facility.

Obstacles in the water (including people and lane lines); it may not be safe to enter the

water using a compact jump or stride jump if your zone is crowded or contains obstacles.

• The slide in-entry is useful in a crowded pool or in an area with obstacles

You are seated on an elevated lifeguard stand in the deep end during recreational swim and spot a passive-drowning victim. The area surrounding your station is clear of patrons and objects. - ANS-✔✔ Compact Jump

You are searching your zone from an elevated station when you spot a patron who appears to have a head injury as a

result of diving in shallow water. - ANS-✔✔Slide-in Entry

You spot an active drowning victim while searching your zone from a ground-level station located in the middle of the

pool where the water is 4' deep. - ANS-✔✔Slide-In Entry

You are searching your new zone as you walk toward the elevated lifeguard stand in the deep end before a rotation

and you spot an active drowning victim. - ANS-✔✔Stride Jump

You have just rotated to a roving station during open swim at a crowded waterfront and spot a swimmer in distress. - ANS-✔✔Run-and-Swim.

What are the two most common assists and when should each be used? - ANS-✔✔1) Simple assist. A simple assist can be used in shallow water and may be merely

helping a person to stand. The simple assist also may be used to rescue a victim who

is submerged in shallow water and is within reach.

2. Reaching assist from the deck. To assist a distressed swimmer who is close to the

side of the pool or a pier, use a reaching assist from the deck by extending a rescue

tube within the victim's grasp.

You are approaching a victim who is vertical in the water, near the surface in 4 feet of water. The victim is facing you and appears to be unconscious. - ANS-✔✔Passive victim front rescue

You are approaching a child who is facing away from you and struggling to keep their head above water.

• ANS-✔✔Active victim rear rescue

You are approaching a victim from behind who appears to be unconscious. - ANS-✔✔Passive victim rear rescue followed by extrication using a backboard

A victim in the water is not breathing. - ANS-✔✔Always remove a victim who is not breathing from the water as soon as possible to provide care. However, if doing so will delay care, then perform in-water ventilations until you can remove the victim.