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Year 11 Geography Case Study Booklet, Study notes of Geography

Name and locate an economic activity. How has the economic activity affected the natural environment? What has been done to minimise damage to the environment?

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Year 11 Geography Case Study
Booklet
This booklet belongs to ..........................................................
Topic Case Study Revised? Answered
practice
questions?
Natural
Hazards
Climatic MEDC Hurricane Katrina
Climatic LEDC – Drought, Ethiopia
Tectonic MEDC – Japan Earthquake
Tectonic LEDC – Haiti Earthquake
Economic
Development
Location of economic activity - UK
Location of economic activity - Kenya
Pearl River Delta, China
MNC – Nike, Vietnam
Aid Wateraid, Mali
Rivers and
Coasts
Flooding MEDC – River Valency, Boscastle
Flooding LEDC – River Ganges, Bangladesh
River tees, North East England
Coastal landforms Dorset Coast
Coastal Management - Holderness
Level 1
The student gives a basic description of effects and
causes, but does not develop their answer at all and
only shows limited relevant knowledge and information.
Meaning may not be communicated very clearly because
of mistakes in writing. (1-3 marks).
Level 2
Student describes effects and explains causes with
some development of their answer, and uses some
relevant knowledge based on a range of factual
information and evidence. Meaning is communicated
clearly.
(4-6 marks)
Level 3
Thorough and developed description of effects and
explanation of causes, with place-specific example.
Demonstrates thorough knowledge, based on a full
range of relevant factual information and evidence.
Meaning is communicated very clearly.
(7-8 marks)
The Levels you should be aiming for: If you cannot name a case
study example for the
question to can only reach
level one.
Grammar and spelling will be
poor—no extra marks...
You begins to explain and
quote a few facts you have
remembered to support your
argument.
Improved grammar and
spelling will get you some
marks.
The examiner should be
impressed by how much you
know. There will be more
than one piece of evidence
from you case study
knowledge.
Very good spelling and
grammar—lots of extra
marks
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Year 11 Geography Case Study

Booklet

This booklet belongs to

Topic

Case Study

Revised?

Answeredpracticequestions?

NaturalHazards

Climatic MEDC – Hurricane KatrinaClimatic LEDC – Drought, EthiopiaTectonic MEDC – Japan EarthquakeTectonic LEDC – Haiti Earthquake

EconomicDevelopment

Location of economic activity - UKLocation of economic activity - KenyaPearl River Delta, ChinaMNC – Nike, VietnamAid – Wateraid, Mali

Rivers andCoasts

Flooding MEDC – River Valency, BoscastleFlooding LEDC – River Ganges, BangladeshRiver tees, North East EnglandCoastal landforms – Dorset CoastCoastal Management - Holderness

Level 1 The student gives a basic description of effects andcauses, but does not develop their answer at all andonly shows limited relevant knowledge and information.Meaning may not be communicated very clearly becauseof mistakes in writing.

(1-3 marks).

Level 2 Student describes effects and explains causes withsome development of their answer, and uses somerelevant knowledge based on a range of factualinformation and evidence. Meaning is communicatedclearly. (4-6 marks)Level 3 Thorough and developed description of effects andexplanation of causes, with place-specific example.Demonstrates thorough knowledge, based on a fullrange of relevant factual information and evidence.Meaning is communicated very clearly. (7-8 marks)

The

Levels

you should be aiming for:

If you cannot name a casestudy example for thequestion to can only reachlevel one.Grammar and spelling will bepoor—no extra marks...You begins to explain andquote a few facts you haveremembered to support yourargument.Improved grammar andspelling will get you somemarks. The examiner should beimpressed by how much youknow. There will be morethan one piece of evidencefrom you case studyknowledge.Very good spelling andgrammar—lots of extramarks

Tropical storms

have

strong winds

and

torrential rain

. They are

circular

in

shape

and

can be

hundreds

of

km wide

. They

form

over

tropical seas (27oC or higher). Warm

moist

air

rises

and

condenses

. This

releases energy

which makes it grow really powerful. They losestrength as they move over land because their

energy source (warm water) is cut off.

Hurricane Katrina hit theSouth East USA on 29th August 2005 and cost astaggering $300 billion.

The

primary impacts

included

were

killed

and

300,000 homes

were

destroyed

3 million

people were left

without electricity

and

bridges

including the I-

collapsed

. Coastal

habitats were also damaged.

The

secondary impacts

were

tens

of thousands

were made

homeless

and

230,000 jobs

were

lost

from

business that were damaged anddestroyed.

Water supplies

were

polluted

with sewage, chemicals and

dead bodies.

The USA has a

sophisticated monitoring system

to

predict

if hurricanes will hit (

satellites

can track

them). This means people can be evacuated.

were

evacuated

before the storm hit, reducing the

death toll. Mississippi and Louisiana declared states of emergency

and

stockpiled supplies

(food and water). The

coastguard

police

fire

services

and

army rescued

over

50,000 people

and they had

access

to

equipment

such as

helicopters.

Although the response was better than in Burma the USA government received much criticism

. Some

homeless

families ended up in

sports stadia

where

conditions

were

intolerable

and fighting etc broke out as tensions rose. There

were accusations that as it was ‘

black poor people mostly

affected

’ the government didn’t care.

Looting

was

commonplace. Finally,

flood defences

that were supposed to

protect New Orleans

failed

and this actually increased the

damage as flood water became trapped

Katrina was a category 4 storm.

Storm surges reached over 6 metres in height.

New Orleans was one of the worst affected areas because it lies

below sea level and is protected by

levees

People sought refuge in the Superdome stadium. Conditions were unhygienic, and there was a shortage of food and water. Looting

was commonplace throughout the city. Tension washigh and many felt vulnerable and unsafe.

The January 1994 Northridge Earthquake struck

hard: the first major earthquake to occur directly beneath a highly urbanized area in

California.

Near the epicenter in the San Fernando Valley, well- engineered buildings withstood violent shaking without

structural damage

Northridge was fairly prepared for

earthquakes through education,

rescue efforts and strong buildings.

The earthquake happened on a deep fault in the

San Fernado Valley

Primary effects -57 people killed

-9000 injured

-Thousands of buildings damaged -Transport links damaged (roads)

Yet due to the earthquake happening early in

the morning it reduced the deaths

Secondary effects

-Landslides

-Powerlines and waterlines damaged from the

debris

-Extensive fires

15,000 aftershocks occurred,these can trigger the collapse

of weak buildings

Wooden buildings were

the buildings that generally collapsed

Landslides were

triggered in

mountainous areas,

these block roads

and damaged homes

Fires broke out from the leaking gas pipes,

areas were

completely destroyed

by the fires

Liquefaction occurred in some

areas

It was declared a federal

disaster, so 100s of workers

from FEMA helped the

community recover

Millions were given to the

600,000 people that applied for

financial assistance.

The USGS monitor the movement yet can not predict ,

so preparation is key!

A

massive

magnitude

earthquake

struck

Japan,

Friday

afternoon

246pm

local

time,

on

March

GMT.

The

earthquake

lasted

six

minutes.

10-meter tsunami was seen at the port in Sendai,

near the epicentre.

Japan was largely prepared for the

earthquake and many buildings

remained standing afterwards, but it was not prepared for the subsequent

Tsunami..

Japan

is

located

on

the

east

edge

of

the

Eurasian

Plate.

The

oceanic

Pacific

Plate

subducts (sinks

under)

the

Eurasian

Plate.

This

plate

margin

is

destructive

It

is

not

a

smooth

process,

friction

is

present

and

the

plates

stick,

tension

(pressure)

builds

up.

When

this

pressure

builds

up

and

is

released,

it

causes

a

rapid

shift

in

the

plates

and

a

lot

of

energy

to

be

released,

in

this

case

the

5th

most

powerful

earthquake

ever!

Primary

effects

Approximately

16,

killed

55,

buildings

damaged/

swept

away

Fukushima

Nuclear

Power

Plant

damaged

and

released

extreme

amounts

of

radiation

4

trains

swept

away

Secondary

effects

2

million

homeless

Power

lines,

gas

and

water

services

severely

disrupted

Major

decline

for

Japan's

agricultural,

livestock

and

fishing

industries

due

to

fear

of

contamination

from

radiation

Tourism

numbers

decreased

over

the

next

two

years

The total cost to re-build

the areas affected was

set at £185 billion Tall buildings swayed

violently in central

Tokyo as the aftershocks hit.

Tokyo’s major airports halted flights, though

Haneda Airport was later reported to have

reopened several runways. All Tokyo

area trains werehalted, while the

Shinkansen bullet train

service wassuspended.

The

quake

was

centered

kilometers

to

the

east

of

the

prefecture’s

capital,

Sendai

(365km

north

east

of

Tokyo).

Prezi

presentation

by

A

‐ level

students

- very

good

https://prezi.com/jrdghgfyr7og/tohoku

‐ japan

earthquake

‐ case

study/

Also

this

is

great

for

effects:

http://www.geographypods.com/

earthquakes.html

Response

Local

emergency

units

were

sent

out

to

cool

down

the

nuclear

reactors

of

the

Fukushima

power

plant

The

Red

Cross

and

other

related

organisations

assisted

in

the

search

for

survivors.

Relief

organisations

like

ShelterBox distributed

aid

to

Japan.

Local

emergency

units

and

volunteers

helped

searching

for

the

estimate

missing

Epicentre

Plate

margin

between

Eurasian

and

Pacific

Plate

Case Study – Climatic hazard in an LEDC

Name the LEDC and state the climatic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Outline the causes of this hazard and explain the impacts on the country. Include three developed points.2.

Case Study: Climatic hazard in an MEDC

Name the MEDC and state the climatic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Outline line the impacts of the hazard and the sustainability of the responses. Include three developed points.3.

Case Study: Tectonic hazard in an LEDC

Name the LEDC and state the tectonic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Describe the causes of this hazard and suggest how sustainable the responses were. Include three developed points.4.

Case Study: Tectonic hazard in an MEDC

Name the MEDC and state the tectonic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Describe the effects of this hazard and suggest how sustainable the responses were. Include three developed points.

Factors that affect the location of

UK economic activity (MEDC) –

Conflict between economic activity and theenvironment –

Pearl River Delta, China

What is it? The Pearl Delta is in the Republic of China in the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary where the Pearl Riverflows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most

densely urbanised regions

in the world and

one of the main hubs of

China's economic growth. The Pearl River Delta has become

the world's workshop and is a major manufacturing

base for products such as

electronic products (such as watches and clocks), toys, garments and textiles, plastic products, and a range of other goods.

Nearly five percent of the

world's goods were produced in

the Greater Pearl River Delta

in 2001. Over 70,000 HongKong companies have plants

there.

All of this manufacturingcreates a lot of pollution.The Pearl River Delta isnotoriously polluted, with sewage

and

industrial

waste.

(Treatment

facilities are failing tokeep up with the growingpopulation). This has anegative impact on theenvironment.

The problems In October 2009, Greenpeace released a report, "Poisoning the PearlRiver" that detailed the results of a study it conducted.All samples they took contained hazardous properties including heavymetals such as beryllium, copper and manganese.These substances are associated with a long list of health problemssuch as cancer, endocrine disruption, renal failure and damage to thenervous system as well being known to harm the environment.

Future Management In 2007, the World Bank approved a $96 million loan to the Chinese government toreduce water pollution in the Pearl River Delta. 7.1 billion was spent on the river bymid 2010 to clean up the river's sewage problems.The city will build about 30 water treatment plants, which will treat 2.25 milliontonnes of water per day. The program hopes to cut down the amount of sewage inthe area by 85%,

Multinational Company (MNC) –

Nike, Vietnam

Key Facts Nike

is

the

world's

leading

supplier

of

sports

footwear

and

equipment.

The

company

was

founded

in

The

company

name

comes

from

the

Greek

word

for

'victory'.

Nike

does

not

make

any

shoes

or

clothes

itself

but

contracts

out

to

factories

in

LEDCs.

These

subcontracted

companies

then

act

on

their

own

and

re

subcontract

their

operations

in

other

Asian

countries

that

give

low

wages

and

have

no

employment

laws.

E.g.

Vietnam,

The

Philippines

and

Indonesia.

Benefits

The average pay at a Nike factory close inVietnam is $54 a month, 3x higher than otherjobs.

It encourages female employment

Offers jobs to local people

Helps to boost the local economy by employingpeople.

Negatives

Sweatshops – long working hours and poorcondiditons

Child labour

Hazardous working conditions

Below subsistence wages (not enough money toafford basic food and water)

What is being done by Nike?

Introduced a code of conduct forsubcontractors to ensure that theyare treating people properly.

Decommissioning subcontractors whofail to follow the code of conduct.

Auditing tools and task force toguarantee human rights.

Nike

have

hired

independent

auditors

to

make

sure

that

the

company

subcontractors

are

living

up

to

Nike’s

code

of

conduct.

In 1998 Nike changed the minimumage requirements to 17 years old.

The numbers…

Yearly revenue of $19.2 billion (2009).

Products in 140 countries.

Contracts to 700 factories in 45 countries.

Employing 800.000 people in the supply chain.

Possible Case Study Questions- Economic Development1. Case Study: An Aid project in an LEDC. Name and locate an aid projectDescribe the main features of the project. Explain how the project is sustainable. 2. Case Study: Multi-national companies Name a multi-national company you have studied and a country where it is located.Explain how the multi-national company affects local people and the overall economy of the country. Include at least three differentideas, with detail. 3. Case Study: An aid project in an LEDC. Name the LEDC and aid projectDescribe the main features of the aid project and explain how sustainable the project is. Include at least three developed ideas. 4. Case Study: The effects of economic development. Name and locate an economic activityHow has the economic activity affected the natural environment? What has been done to minimise damage to the environment? 5. Case Study: An economic activity in an LEDC Name and locate an example of an economic activity you have studied in an LEDC.Explain why this economic activity is located in this LEDC. What factors might influence decisions about whether the named economicactivity remains at this location in the future? Include at least three different ideas, with detail. 6. Case Study: a multi-national company Name a multi-national company and one country where it operates.Explain how the multi-national company affects local people and the economy of that country. Include at least three different ideas,with detail.

River flooding (MEDC) –

River Valency,

Boscastle

What caused the flash flood?

Impacts of the flood

Management responses to the flood

Social

Economic

Environmental

River valley and landforms –

River Tees,

North East England

Upper course

Middle course

Lower course

The

hard

rock

at

the

top

of

the

waterfall

is

called

Whinsill

and

the

softer

rock

underneath

which

will

be

eroded

to

form

a

gorge

is

limestone.

There

are

also

river

rapids

caused

by

the

hard

rock

in

the

centre

of

the

river

in

the

upper

course.

River valley and landforms –

River Tees,

North East England - CONTINUED

Coastline Management –

Holderness Coastline

Possible Case Study Questions – 9 marks + 3 for SPaG- Rivers and Coasts 1. Compare the impacts of flooding in an MEDC and an LEDC. You should refer to case studies in your answer.2. Discuss the causes of flooding in an MEDC/LEDC. Use a case study to help you.3. Compare flood management strategies used in an MEDC and LEDC. You should make reference to their sustainability4. Describe how a river changes from source to mouth. You should refer to place specific examples in your answer and identify specificfeatures found in a rivers course.5. Explain how a stretch of coastline is managed. You must identify different conflicts which may be in place at your chosen stretch ofcoastline.6. CASE STUDY: River valley and landformsName of river valley you have studied:Describe one or more landforms which are found in this river valley.Explain how they have been formed. Use a labelled diagram or series of diagrams in your answer.Include at least three different ideas, with detail

.