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Year 11 Geography Case Study
Booklet
This booklet belongs to
Topic
Case Study
Revised?
Answeredpracticequestions?
NaturalHazards
Climatic MEDC – Hurricane KatrinaClimatic LEDC – Drought, EthiopiaTectonic MEDC – Japan EarthquakeTectonic LEDC – Haiti Earthquake
EconomicDevelopment
Location of economic activity - UKLocation of economic activity - KenyaPearl River Delta, ChinaMNC – Nike, VietnamAid – Wateraid, Mali
Rivers andCoasts
Flooding MEDC – River Valency, BoscastleFlooding LEDC – River Ganges, BangladeshRiver tees, North East EnglandCoastal landforms – Dorset CoastCoastal Management - Holderness
Level 1 The student gives a basic description of effects andcauses, but does not develop their answer at all andonly shows limited relevant knowledge and information.Meaning may not be communicated very clearly becauseof mistakes in writing.
(1-3 marks).
Level 2 Student describes effects and explains causes withsome development of their answer, and uses somerelevant knowledge based on a range of factualinformation and evidence. Meaning is communicatedclearly. (4-6 marks)Level 3 Thorough and developed description of effects andexplanation of causes, with place-specific example.Demonstrates thorough knowledge, based on a fullrange of relevant factual information and evidence.Meaning is communicated very clearly. (7-8 marks)
The
Levels
you should be aiming for:
If you cannot name a casestudy example for thequestion to can only reachlevel one.Grammar and spelling will bepoor—no extra marks...You begins to explain andquote a few facts you haveremembered to support yourargument.Improved grammar andspelling will get you somemarks. The examiner should beimpressed by how much youknow. There will be morethan one piece of evidencefrom you case studyknowledge.Very good spelling andgrammar—lots of extramarks
Tropical storms
have
strong winds
and
torrential rain
. They are
circular
in
shape
and
can be
hundreds
of
km wide
. They
form
over
tropical seas (27oC or higher). Warm
moist
air
rises
and
condenses
. This
releases energy
which makes it grow really powerful. They losestrength as they move over land because their
energy source (warm water) is cut off.
Hurricane Katrina hit theSouth East USA on 29th August 2005 and cost astaggering $300 billion.
The
primary impacts
included
were
killed
and
300,000 homes
were
destroyed
3 million
people were left
without electricity
and
bridges
including the I-
collapsed
. Coastal
habitats were also damaged.
The
secondary impacts
were
tens
of thousands
were made
homeless
and
230,000 jobs
were
lost
from
business that were damaged anddestroyed.
Water supplies
were
polluted
with sewage, chemicals and
dead bodies.
The USA has a
sophisticated monitoring system
to
predict
if hurricanes will hit (
satellites
can track
them). This means people can be evacuated.
were
evacuated
before the storm hit, reducing the
death toll. Mississippi and Louisiana declared states of emergency
and
stockpiled supplies
(food and water). The
coastguard
police
fire
services
and
army rescued
over
50,000 people
and they had
access
to
equipment
such as
helicopters.
Although the response was better than in Burma the USA government received much criticism
. Some
homeless
families ended up in
sports stadia
where
conditions
were
intolerable
and fighting etc broke out as tensions rose. There
were accusations that as it was ‘
black poor people mostly
affected
’ the government didn’t care.
Looting
was
commonplace. Finally,
flood defences
that were supposed to
protect New Orleans
failed
and this actually increased the
damage as flood water became trapped
Katrina was a category 4 storm.
Storm surges reached over 6 metres in height.
New Orleans was one of the worst affected areas because it lies
below sea level and is protected by
levees
People sought refuge in the Superdome stadium. Conditions were unhygienic, and there was a shortage of food and water. Looting
was commonplace throughout the city. Tension washigh and many felt vulnerable and unsafe.
The January 1994 Northridge Earthquake struck
hard: the first major earthquake to occur directly beneath a highly urbanized area in
California.
Near the epicenter in the San Fernando Valley, well- engineered buildings withstood violent shaking without
structural damage
Northridge was fairly prepared for
earthquakes through education,
rescue efforts and strong buildings.
The earthquake happened on a deep fault in the
San Fernado Valley
Primary effects -57 people killed
-9000 injured
-Thousands of buildings damaged -Transport links damaged (roads)
Yet due to the earthquake happening early in
the morning it reduced the deaths
Secondary effects
-Landslides
-Powerlines and waterlines damaged from the
debris
-Extensive fires
15,000 aftershocks occurred,these can trigger the collapse
of weak buildings
Wooden buildings were
the buildings that generally collapsed
Landslides were
triggered in
mountainous areas,
these block roads
and damaged homes
Fires broke out from the leaking gas pipes,
areas were
completely destroyed
by the fires
Liquefaction occurred in some
areas
It was declared a federal
disaster, so 100s of workers
from FEMA helped the
community recover
Millions were given to the
600,000 people that applied for
financial assistance.
The USGS monitor the movement yet can not predict ,
so preparation is key!
A
massive
magnitude
earthquake
struck
Japan,
Friday
afternoon
246pm
local
time,
on
March
GMT.
The
earthquake
lasted
six
minutes.
10-meter tsunami was seen at the port in Sendai,
near the epicentre.
Japan was largely prepared for the
earthquake and many buildings
remained standing afterwards, but it was not prepared for the subsequent
Tsunami..
Japan
is
located
on
the
east
edge
of
the
Eurasian
Plate.
The
oceanic
Pacific
Plate
subducts (sinks
under)
the
Eurasian
Plate.
This
plate
margin
is
destructive
It
is
not
a
smooth
process,
friction
is
present
and
the
plates
stick,
tension
(pressure)
builds
up.
When
this
pressure
builds
up
and
is
released,
it
causes
a
rapid
shift
in
the
plates
and
a
lot
of
energy
to
be
released,
in
this
case
the
5th
most
powerful
earthquake
ever!
Primary
effects
‐
Approximately
16,
killed
‐
55,
buildings
damaged/
swept
away
‐
Fukushima
Nuclear
Power
Plant
damaged
and
released
extreme
amounts
of
radiation
‐
4
trains
swept
away
Secondary
effects
2
million
homeless
‐
Power
lines,
gas
and
water
services
severely
disrupted
‐
Major
decline
for
Japan's
agricultural,
livestock
and
fishing
industries
due
to
fear
of
contamination
from
radiation
‐
Tourism
numbers
decreased
over
the
next
two
years
The total cost to re-build
the areas affected was
set at £185 billion Tall buildings swayed
violently in central
Tokyo as the aftershocks hit.
Tokyo’s major airports halted flights, though
Haneda Airport was later reported to have
reopened several runways. All Tokyo
area trains werehalted, while the
Shinkansen bullet train
service wassuspended.
The
quake
was
centered
kilometers
to
the
east
of
the
prefecture’s
capital,
Sendai
(365km
north
east
of
Tokyo).
Prezi
presentation
by
A
‐ level
students
- very
good
https://prezi.com/jrdghgfyr7og/tohoku
‐ japan
‐
earthquake
‐ case
‐
study/
Also
this
is
great
for
effects:
http://www.geographypods.com/
‐
earthquakes.html
Response
Local
emergency
units
were
sent
out
to
cool
down
the
nuclear
reactors
of
the
Fukushima
power
plant
The
Red
Cross
and
other
related
organisations
assisted
in
the
search
for
survivors.
Relief
organisations
like
ShelterBox distributed
aid
to
Japan.
Local
emergency
units
and
volunteers
helped
searching
for
the
estimate
missing
Epicentre
Plate
margin
between
Eurasian
and
Pacific
Plate
Case Study – Climatic hazard in an LEDC
Name the LEDC and state the climatic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Outline the causes of this hazard and explain the impacts on the country. Include three developed points.2.
Case Study: Climatic hazard in an MEDC
Name the MEDC and state the climatic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Outline line the impacts of the hazard and the sustainability of the responses. Include three developed points.3.
Case Study: Tectonic hazard in an LEDC
Name the LEDC and state the tectonic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Describe the causes of this hazard and suggest how sustainable the responses were. Include three developed points.4.
Case Study: Tectonic hazard in an MEDC
Name the MEDC and state the tectonic hazard_____________________________________________________Q. Describe the effects of this hazard and suggest how sustainable the responses were. Include three developed points.
Factors that affect the location of
UK economic activity (MEDC) –
Conflict between economic activity and theenvironment –
Pearl River Delta, China
What is it? The Pearl Delta is in the Republic of China in the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary where the Pearl Riverflows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most
densely urbanised regions
in the world and
one of the main hubs of
China's economic growth. The Pearl River Delta has become
the world's workshop and is a major manufacturing
base for products such as
electronic products (such as watches and clocks), toys, garments and textiles, plastic products, and a range of other goods.
Nearly five percent of the
world's goods were produced in
the Greater Pearl River Delta
in 2001. Over 70,000 HongKong companies have plants
there.
All of this manufacturingcreates a lot of pollution.The Pearl River Delta isnotoriously polluted, with sewage
and
industrial
waste.
(Treatment
facilities are failing tokeep up with the growingpopulation). This has anegative impact on theenvironment.
The problems In October 2009, Greenpeace released a report, "Poisoning the PearlRiver" that detailed the results of a study it conducted.All samples they took contained hazardous properties including heavymetals such as beryllium, copper and manganese.These substances are associated with a long list of health problemssuch as cancer, endocrine disruption, renal failure and damage to thenervous system as well being known to harm the environment.
Future Management In 2007, the World Bank approved a $96 million loan to the Chinese government toreduce water pollution in the Pearl River Delta. 7.1 billion was spent on the river bymid 2010 to clean up the river's sewage problems.The city will build about 30 water treatment plants, which will treat 2.25 milliontonnes of water per day. The program hopes to cut down the amount of sewage inthe area by 85%,
Multinational Company (MNC) –
Nike, Vietnam
Key Facts Nike
is
the
world's
leading
supplier
of
sports
footwear
and
equipment.
The
company
was
founded
in
The
company
name
comes
from
the
Greek
word
for
'victory'.
Nike
does
not
make
any
shoes
or
clothes
itself
but
contracts
out
to
factories
in
LEDCs.
These
subcontracted
companies
then
act
on
their
own
and
re
subcontract
their
operations
in
other
Asian
countries
that
give
low
wages
and
have
no
employment
laws.
E.g.
Vietnam,
The
Philippines
and
Indonesia.
Benefits •
The average pay at a Nike factory close inVietnam is $54 a month, 3x higher than otherjobs.
It encourages female employment
Offers jobs to local people
Helps to boost the local economy by employingpeople.
Negatives •
Sweatshops – long working hours and poorcondiditons
Child labour
Hazardous working conditions
Below subsistence wages (not enough money toafford basic food and water)
What is being done by Nike? •
Introduced a code of conduct forsubcontractors to ensure that theyare treating people properly.
Decommissioning subcontractors whofail to follow the code of conduct.
Auditing tools and task force toguarantee human rights.
Nike
have
hired
independent
auditors
to
make
sure
that
the
company
subcontractors
are
living
up
to
Nike’s
code
of
conduct.
In 1998 Nike changed the minimumage requirements to 17 years old.
The numbers…
Yearly revenue of $19.2 billion (2009).
Products in 140 countries.
Contracts to 700 factories in 45 countries.
Employing 800.000 people in the supply chain.
Possible Case Study Questions- Economic Development1. Case Study: An Aid project in an LEDC. Name and locate an aid projectDescribe the main features of the project. Explain how the project is sustainable. 2. Case Study: Multi-national companies Name a multi-national company you have studied and a country where it is located.Explain how the multi-national company affects local people and the overall economy of the country. Include at least three differentideas, with detail. 3. Case Study: An aid project in an LEDC. Name the LEDC and aid projectDescribe the main features of the aid project and explain how sustainable the project is. Include at least three developed ideas. 4. Case Study: The effects of economic development. Name and locate an economic activityHow has the economic activity affected the natural environment? What has been done to minimise damage to the environment? 5. Case Study: An economic activity in an LEDC Name and locate an example of an economic activity you have studied in an LEDC.Explain why this economic activity is located in this LEDC. What factors might influence decisions about whether the named economicactivity remains at this location in the future? Include at least three different ideas, with detail. 6. Case Study: a multi-national company Name a multi-national company and one country where it operates.Explain how the multi-national company affects local people and the economy of that country. Include at least three different ideas,with detail.
River flooding (MEDC) –
River Valency,
Boscastle
What caused the flash flood?
Impacts of the flood
Management responses to the flood
Social
Economic
Environmental
River valley and landforms –
River Tees,
North East England
Upper course
Middle course
Lower course
The
hard
rock
at
the
top
of
the
waterfall
is
called
Whinsill
and
the
softer
rock
underneath
which
will
be
eroded
to
form
a
gorge
is
limestone.
There
are
also
river
rapids
caused
by
the
hard
rock
in
the
centre
of
the
river
in
the
upper
course.
River valley and landforms –
River Tees,
North East England - CONTINUED
Coastline Management –
Holderness Coastline
Possible Case Study Questions – 9 marks + 3 for SPaG- Rivers and Coasts 1. Compare the impacts of flooding in an MEDC and an LEDC. You should refer to case studies in your answer.2. Discuss the causes of flooding in an MEDC/LEDC. Use a case study to help you.3. Compare flood management strategies used in an MEDC and LEDC. You should make reference to their sustainability4. Describe how a river changes from source to mouth. You should refer to place specific examples in your answer and identify specificfeatures found in a rivers course.5. Explain how a stretch of coastline is managed. You must identify different conflicts which may be in place at your chosen stretch ofcoastline.6. CASE STUDY: River valley and landformsName of river valley you have studied:Describe one or more landforms which are found in this river valley.Explain how they have been formed. Use a labelled diagram or series of diagrams in your answer.Include at least three different ideas, with detail
.
