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Molecular Shapes and Coordination Number, Exercises of Chemistry

Information on various molecular shapes, their corresponding coordination numbers, and the number of lone and bonding electron pairs. Examples include tetrahedral, pyramidal, trigonal bipyramid, and octahedral shapes, with molecules such as xef4, nh3, and h2o. The document also mentions diatomic molecules, sulfur rings, phosphorus allotropes, and boron icosahedra.

What you will learn

  • How many bonding electron pairs does a pyramidal shape have?
  • What are the different molecular shapes discussed in the document?
  • What is the coordination number for a tetrahedral shape?

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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arlie 🇺🇸

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109o
XeF4, ICl4, 90o
Square planar
24
NH3(107o),
PH3(93o), ClO3
Pyramidal
13
CH4, NH4+, ClO4
Tetrahedral
04
BF3, SO3
Trigonal planar
03
H2O (104.5o),
H2S (92o), ClO2
bent (non-linear,
V-shaped)
22
Cl-Be-Cl
O=C=O
linear
02
ExamplesShape of Molecule
Number of pairs of
lone (non-
bonding) electrons
Number of
bonding sets of
electrons (bonding
electron pairs and
multiple bonds)
180o
O
H H
105o
C
H
HHH
B
F
F F
120o
<180o
N
HHH
107o
F
F
F
F
Xe
pf2

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109

o

XeF

4

, ICl

4

o

4 2 Square planar

NH

3

o

PH

3

o

), ClO

3

3 1 Pyramidal

CH

4

, NH

4

, ClO

4

4 0 Tetrahedral

BF

3

, SO

3

Trigonal planar 3 0

H

2

O (104.

o

H

2

S (

o

), ClO

2

bent (non-linear,

V-shaped)

Cl-Be-Cl

O=C=O

linear 2 0

Number of pairs of Shape of Molecule Examples

lone (non-

bonding) electrons

Number of

bonding sets of

electrons (bonding

electron pairs and

multiple bonds)

o

O

H H

o

C

H

H

H

H

B

F

F F

o

<

o

N

H

H

H

107

o

F

F

F

F

Xe

SF

6

, [Al(H

2

O)

6

]

3+

All bond angles

o

Octahedral 6 0

PCl

5

o

o

Trigonal )

bipyramid

S

F

F

F

F

F

F

P

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

N.B. Additional lines used to construct the geometric shape do not represent

bonds, the bonds of some of the shapes are shown below:

Tetrahedral

Pyramidal

Trigonal bipyramid

Octahedral

The number of atoms surrounding the central atom is the coordination number,

e.g. 4 for tetrahedral, 3 for pyramidal, 5 for pentagonal bipyramid and 6 for

octahedral.

Note all molecules consist of peripheral atoms bonded to a central atom!

Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms only, e.g. H-H, F-F, O=O, N≡N. Sulphur

usually forms S

8

rings (puckered rings), the white allotrope of phosphorus forms

P

4

triangular pyramids which are linked in chains in the red phosphorus allotrope.

Other molecules form chains (e.g. BeCl

2

), sheets or giant molecular lattices (e.g.

diamond). Boron forms B

12

icosahedra (20 equal triangular sides) with a B atom

at each vertex and these are then linked together in various ways.