Download WRT Certification Exam Questions and Answers: Restorative Drying Principles and Practices and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
WRT Certification Exam Questions with Verified Answers
The most critical course of action in restorative drying is to _______ ______ and begin __________ as soon as possible.
respond quickly & mitigation
All restorers should follow the standard of care for the water restoration profession developed by the restoration industry entitled the IICRC ____.
S
To help protect technicians from the many hazards associated with contaminated water losses, restorers need to have ready access to several items. These items protect for all _________ _________ to the body.
potential exposures
Respiratory protection regulations state that the employer must provide:
- Medical evaluations
- Fit testing
- Training
The contract clearly states the agreement between the building owner and the restoration contractor. The form specifies who is responsible for payment and should be signed ______ work begins.
before
The technicians first responsibility when arriving at a water damage site is to identify, communicate, and eliminate ______ _______ if reasonably possible.
safety hazards
Federal regulations apply to the handling of ____ based paint and asbestos.
lead
After safety concerns have been addressed and the initial water source has been stopped, the restorer must complete an evaluation of the water's migration through the structure. During this process, the restorer inspects all ___________ ________ areas.
potentially affected
The ultimate goal is to find the "edge" of water migration, which moves in a three-dimensional path throughout the structure. This is accomplished across carpeted surfaces using a ________ ______, and across most hard surfaces using a ___-________ (non-penetrating) moisture meter.
moisture sensor & non-invasive
Water from a clean source with no substantial risk of causing sickness of discomfort is said to be ________ _ water.
Category 1
Water that has a significant degree of chemical, biological, and/or physical contamination and a potential to cause sickness or discomfort is ________ _.
Category 2
Cleaning procedures must be employed before the drying of a Category 2 water loss can continue. At a minimum, affected ______ ________ (or pad) must be removed and disposed of, and carpet must be throughly cleaned using hot water extraction method.
Pre-existing conditions should be identified, documented, and communicated to all __________ __________ parties during the initial inspection.
materially interested
When carpet delamination (the loss of integrity in the adhesives used to laminate the _______ and _________ backings) has occurred, further damage is very likely. For this reason, when extensive carpet delamintation is discovered, technicians must call it to the attention of all materially interested parties, document the condition and suggest ___________.
primary, secondary, & replacement
There are a number of causes for carpet delamination -- many of them related to ________ restoration activities.
improper
Typical causes of carpet delamination are:
- Folding or stretching carpet when wet
- Overly aggressive extraction
- Improperly specified carpet underlay
- Improper installation
- Improper removal from tack strip
- Improper floating of carpet
- Excessive wear
- Pet damage
Many building materials will absorb excess water vapor and suffer damage, especially when air is allowed to remain above __% relative humidity.
60
Hygroscopic materials gain and lose moisture continually in an effort to ________ with the water content in the surrounding air mass. The more hygroscopic the material, the faster it will collect water vapor, and the easier it will suffer _________ damage.
equalize & secondary
When water intrusion results in water running through wall cavities, inspection access holes are used to ensure that blow-in insulation has not compacted and lost its _-_____.
R-Value
The most effective way to speed the drying process is to remove as much of the water in a liquid state as possible during the ___________ phase (for example, multiple extractions). Poor extraction will significantly slow the drying process.
extraction
Abide by local ____ and regulations when disposing extracted water. Waste water is best disposed of into a sanitary sewer.
laws
The primary goal of the initial extraction of the affected area is to contain further _________ of the water within the structure.
migration
Most antimicrobials require that the area of application be vacated by _________ and pets during application and for a period fo time after application.
occupants
Establishing a ___ ________ is the best way to set restorative drying goals. A dry standard is established by obtaining a moisture reading using an __________ material.
dry standard & unaffected
The numerical value form a moisture meter can be documented and used to monitor progress. for this reason, the amount of moisture absorbed by semi-porous structural materials is measured most accurately with a moisture _____, not a moisture sensor.
meter
Because of their non-invasive nature and quick surveying capabilities, non-invasive meters are the most effective tools for locating abnormal moisture behind and beneath finishing materials such as _______ ____ and resilient _____ floor coverings.
ceramic tile & vinyl
A thermo-hygrometer is used to monitor any air that can influence the ___________ and/or ________ ________ with a restorative drying environment.
temperature & relative humidity
To evaluate the progress of structural drying projects, restorers should measure:
- moisture in __________ being dried (moisture content readings)
- ___ being used to dry affected materials (psychrometric readings)
- ___ produced by mechanical systems (dehumidifiers)
materials, air, & air
Evaporation will increase when:
- Wet materials are made warmer.
- When drier air is used.
- When air is moved more rapidly across the wet surface.
After excess water has been extracted, the time needed to dry wet materials is determined by the ____ __ ___________.
rate of evaporation
As the water is rapidly evaporated, the water vapor is removed by ________________ or ___________.
dehumidification & ventilation
___________ occurs when liquid changes to a vapor. Occurs as energy is increased.
Evaporation
As moisture evaporates from a wet material, the surface of the material becomes ______ because energy is released from the material.
cooler
B. 70 degrees
C. 80 degrees
C. 80 degrees
If a material is not drying well, what would be the most effective method of increasing evaporation?
A. Use air filtration
B. Warm the material
C. Add more airflow
B. Warm the material
One of the most effective methods of drying wet wood under hard surfaces is:
A. Heated airflow
B. Demolition of the wood
C. Negative air pressure
A. Heated airflow
___ _____ is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and can hold no more water vapor.
Dew point
When air is cooled, its capacity for water vapor is reduced. Eventually, if temperature is cooled enough, the relative humidity will reach ___% or saturation. When this occurs, the air has reached its ___ point temperature.
100% & dew
If surfaces are ______ that the dew point of the surrounding air, water will condense on those surfaces and possibly cause secondary damage. If surfaces are ______ that the dew point of the surrounding air, evaporation can occur.
cooler & warmer
_____ ________ is the force exerted by a gas (vapor molecules) on the surrounding environment.
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure, dew point, and humidity ration (GPP) are ________ _______ to each other. When one increases, the other two ________. When one decreases, the other two ________.
directly related, increase, & decrease
Water vapor pressure is the force that drives higher concentrations of humidity from one space to another in an attempt to seek ___________ with lower concentrations of water vapor.
equilibrium
The ability for water vapor to diffuse through a solid material is expressed as the materials _________.
permeance
3 drying systems:
- Open- intentionally using outdoor air
- Closed- using mechanical dehumidification only
- Combination- using outdoor air combined with mechanical dehumidification
Class 1 water intrusions involve the _____ amount of water absorption, with less than _% of the area surfaces being wet porous materials.
least & 5
Class 2 water intrusions involve a ___________ amount of water absorption, with more that _% but less than __% of area surfaces being wet porous materials.
significant, 5, & 40
Class 3 water intrusions involve the ________ amount of water absorption, with more than __% of area surfaces being wet porous materials.
greatest & 40
Wet materials present in a Class 4 water intrusion require a ______ time to dry. Water has saturated deeply into the materials and is held or trapped as bound water. Low evaporation materials have ___________ absorption water.
longer &significant
Restorers must maintain their safety certified equipment properly. This includes replacing _____ that are damaged, replacing damaged inlet and outlet _______, and checking for _______ electrical plugs.
cords, screens, & damaged
Install _ air mover for each ________ area before you calculate additional air movers for the square feet of surfaces and for room offsets.
1 & affected
Dehumidification reduces the ________ content of the air.
moisture
A balanced drying system is achieved when the rate of dehumidification is greater than or equal to the rate of ___________.
evaporation
If the rate of evaporation is allowed to exceed the rate of dehumidification, _________ ______ can occur.
secondary damage
Refrigerant dehumidifiers remove water form the air through the process of ____________. Because of this fact, they are more efficient in higher humidity conditions. Refrigerant dehumidifiers work best between __ degrees and __ degrees.
condensation, 70, & 90
Conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers under normal temperatures are effective in reducing high humidity to a normal level - approximately 40% RH, or about __ GPP.
55
LGRs produce lower _____ _________ than conventional refrigerants and continue to remove significant water vapor down to __ GPP.
vapor pressure & 34
Cupping will generally be the first indication of abnormal moisture levels in hardwood flooring as the ______ and sides of the board absorb moisture.
bottom
Cupping in hardwood is not _________ damage, and should be dried in most cases.
permanent
_______ represents the "was-wood" material with the least engineering, and thus the most natural fiber bonding. It is _________ to swelling and delamination due to its wood veneer assemblies which are glued under extreme pressure.
Plywood & resistant
Wet particle board would normally be _______ and replaced
removed
Plastic Laminate Flooring is made of MDF and has a resin saturated appearance layer. Normally _______ in water restoration due to its construction and installation components.
removed
Remove the vinyl (flooring) and discard it if the ____________ is saturated and/or damaged; vinyl is a vapor barrier and the time required to dry underlayment will be dramatically reduced if the vinyl is removed.
underlayment
Partial floating of carpet can be a way to achieve drying of all surfaces simultaneously and allows ____ dry air to have more contact with wet flooring.
warm
During the drying process, all of the gypsum's original strength is restored. In fact, the dried gypsum will normally be slightly ________ that before wetting.
stronger
In structures where the surface of the wall is covered with a non-_________ surface as a vapor barrier, it may be necessary to removed base molding, drill holes and introduce air movement.
permeable
Airflow in the wall cavity increases the rate of ___________ and allows the wall to dry from both inside and out.
evaporation
When ceilings are affected, drying procedures are similar to wall drying. If the ceiling is sagging or otherwise damaged, wet drywall is drained, _______, and _________.
removed & discarded
Specific types of secondary damages associated with contents are typically:
- Staining
- Swelling
- Color transfer
- Delamination of surface/finished material
The wood is considered dry when:
a. Hardwood and subsurfaces are within - percentage points of normal Equilibrium Moisture Content (Dry Standard).
b. Subsurfaces below hardwood are dried to within - percentage points of the hardwood.
c. After wood flooring has been dried to acceptable moisture content, appropriate ___________ time should be allowed before refinishing.
2 - 4, 2 - 4, & acclimation
The best way to prevent odors and retard microbial growth in a wet structure is to ensure that all materials are dried _________ and _______.
thoroughly & rapidly
When the presence of mold is suspected, it is important to communicated with all parties and used appropriate __________ measures.
protective
As with any contaminant, mold should be removed or contained before any air movers are placed in the structure. Blowing air can spread mold spores from the ____________ area to the __________ rooms.
contaminated & unaffected
Dry rot (wood rot) can occur when wood is visibly dry yet wetter than __% moisture content.
20
Restorers must use a third party (IEP) in situations that involve severe public health issues, ____ ____ occupants living or working in the structure, or extensive _________ contamination that can affect worker or occupant health.
high risk & microbial
