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A past exam for the higher certificate in engineering in mechanical engineering at cork institute of technology. The exam covers various topics in mechanics, including mechanics of machines, pile driving, and mechanics of materials. It consists of five questions, two from each section a and b, and one other. The questions require calculations based on given information and the application of principles such as work-energy, conservation of momentum, energy, momentum, and work.
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Instructions Answer (^) FIVE questions; TWO questions from Section A, TWO from Section B and any ONE other question.
Use separate answer books for each Section. All questions carry equal marks.
Examiners: Mr. J. M. Brady Mr. J. Connolly Mr. R. Simpson
Q1. A 12 tonne wagon is moving at a velocity of 7.5 m/sec, travelling against a track resistance of 100 N/tonne. (a) Using the ‘Work-Energy’ equation, or any method, calculate its velocity after travelling a further 120 m. (10 marks) The 12 tonne wagon then strikes a 6 tonne wagon moving at a velocity of 4 m/sec in the same direction. (b) Using the Principle of Conservation of Momentum, calculate the velocity of the 6 tonne wagon immediately after impact, if the 12 tonne wagon moves on immediately at a velocity of 2.5 m/sec in the same direction as before. (10 marks)
Q2. (a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the three main stages into which the operation of ‘pile driving’ may be divided. When making calculations concerning the operation of ‘pile driving’, state the principles of: energy; momentum; and work; which can be applied during each stage. (12 marks) (b) A pile driving hammer of mass 0.6 tonne falls 2.5 m from rest onto a pile of mass 150 kg. The pile is driven 160 mm into the ground at each blow. Assuming there is no rebound of the hammer on the pile, calculate: (i) The common velocity of the hammer and pile into the ground just after impact. (4 marks) (ii) the average resisting force of the ground in bringing the pile and driver to rest. (4 marks)
Q3. A goods container, weighing 2.0 tonnes is to be hauled by a winch across a horizontal concrete surface, at a speed of 12 m/min, into a shed where it is to be loaded with goods weighing 0.75 tonne. (a) If the winch exerts a pull of 8 kN during the empty haulage operation, calculate the coefficient of friction between container and concrete surface. (5 marks) (b) If the same winch is used to pull the container with the load inside, out of the shed at the same speed, calculate the pull it must now exert. (5 marks) (c) If the speed required to pull the container out of the shed was reduced to 10 m/min, what pull is now required? (3 marks) (d) Calculate the power rating of the winch, required to carry out the pull on the loaded container at 12 m/min. (7 marks)
Q4. The lifting pulley system of a manual overhead crane has a velocity ratio of 20. It is found from testing that an effort of 10 kN is required to lift a load of 75 kN, and an effort of 4 kN is required for a load of 18 kN. Assuming the two sets of load-effort values lie on a straight line Load-Effort graph, calculate: (a) the Law of the Machine. (7 marks) (b) the Mechanical Advantage, and the Efficiency, when the load is 50 kN. (8 marks) (c) the limiting efficiency of this machine. (5 marks)
Q7. At an ambient temperature of 22°C, an aluminium rod is 4.5 m in length, and is 40 mm diameter, and is unstressed. The rod is attached to a support at either end, one of which is fixed, the other being free to move by up to 1.8 mm, in either direction when the bar either expands or contracts. If the rod is cooled to a temperature of –20°C, calculate: (a) the maximum longitudinal temperature stress in the rod (10 marks) (b) the change in rod diameter. (10 marks) Take E for aluminium = 75 GN/m^2 ;
Q8. (a) State the equation of the Simple Theory of Torsion, and clearly define each of the symbols used. (6 marks) (b) The total length of a stepped, sound solid shaft is 1.4 m. The length of the smaller diameter section is 0.6 m, and the length of the larger diameter section is 0.8 m. The shaft is required to transmit a torque of 1.2 kN-m. If the maximum shear stress in the shaft material is not to exceed 80 MN/m^2 , on the surface of the smaller diameter section, and the total twist in the shaft is not to exceed 2 degrees, treating the shaft as a ‘series’ connected shaft, calculate the diameters of each shaft section. (14 marks) Take G, the Modulus of Rigidity of the shaft material = 80 GN/m^2.
J for a circular section equals (^32)