




















Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Material Type: Notes; Professor: Struthers; Class: Biol Bases of Behavior; Subject: Psychology; University: Wheaton College; Term: Spring 2008;
Typology: Study notes
1 / 28
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
OVERVIEW
z SYLLABUS
z CLASS EXPECTATIONS
z BREAKS
z Monism—The idea that there is only one
underlying reality – either the body or the mind.
z Dualism—The idea that both body and mind
exist.
z René Descartes
z Epiphenomenalism—The idea that the
activities of the brain produce mind as an
accidental by-product and that the activities of the mind are irrelevant to the workings of the brain.
z Reflex (cont.)
z Proposed by Johannes Müller – each sensory nerve carries specific information about the quality and location of sensory events.
z The idea that specific functions are located in
particular places in the nervous system.
z Phrenology—Founded by Gall; assumes that mental functions are localized in certain brain
areas and that mental functioning is related to the size and integrity of the brain.
z Charles Darwin’s (1859) The Origin of Species posits the idea that evolution occurs by means of natural selection.
z Changed the current view that animals had no mind (or soul), opening the door for the idea that research on animals could generate knowledge relevant for humans.
z Led to the founding of comparative psychology by George John Romanes.
Chapter 2
z THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NEURONAL
STRUCTURE
The Importance of the Nervous
System
z Functions
Anatomical Views
z Horizontal section—Shows structures viewed
from above
z Sagittal section—Divides structures into right
and left parts
z Coronal section (frontal section)—Shows
views from the front
Anatomical Directions
The Peripheral Nervous System:
Somatic Nervous System
z Both afferent and efferent
The Peripheral Nervous System:
Autonomic Nervous System
z Primarily efferent
z Controls internal environment (glands and
internal organs)
z Consist of two parts (Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic) that are typically
antagonistic
The Peripheral Nervous System:
Autonomic Division
z Sympathetic
z Parasympathetic
The
Autonomic
Nervous
System
z Metencephalon consists of two major structures:
z Raphé system—plays a role in sleep and arousal
CNS—The Brain: The Hindbrain
The Hindbrain
CNS—The Brain:
The Midbrain (mesencephalon)
z Tectum (“roof”) relays visual and auditory information and controls simple reflexes, eye
and ear orientation movements
z Tegmentum (“floor covering”)
z brain stem—midbrain + hindbrain (minus the
cerebellum)
CNS—The Brain:
The Midbrain (mesencephalon)
z Thalamus—major relay station for sensory
information
CNS—The Brain, Forebrain:
The Diencephalon
z Hypothalamus—detects need states (e.g., hunger and thirst), controls the autonomic nervous system, and controls pituitary
hormone production and release
z The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus also is involved in the control
of biological rhythms.
CNS—The Brain, Forebrain:
The Diencephalon
The Hypothalamus
z Pituitary gland (hypophysis)—regulates other
glandular activity of the body (often called the “master gland”)
z Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)—
produces several hormones including somatotropin, thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, and the gonadotropins
z Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)—releases
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which are produced in the hypothalamus
CNS—The Brain, Forebrain:
The Diencephalon
z The telencephalon (end brain) consists of
three parts:
CNS—The Brain, Forebrain:
The Telencephalon
z Limbic System
CNS—The Brain, Forebrain:
The Telencephalon