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Understanding Yeast: A Single-Celled Eukaryotic Organism in Biology and Brewing, Study notes of Biology
Explore the world of yeast, a microscopic eukaryotic organism essential in biology and brewing. Learn about its cellular structure, respiration processes, and applications in scientific research and industries. Compare yeast to prokaryotic cells and discover the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
What you will learn
- How does yeast perform cellular respiration?
- What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- What is the role of yeast in scientific research?
- Which yeast species is commonly used in baking and brewing?
- What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Typology: Study notes
2021/2022
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Yeast are single-celled
microorganisms,
meaning individual
yeast are made up of
only one cell.
To compare, all animals
and most plants are
multicellular organisms.
Yeast are eukaryotic cells,
meaning they have a
defined nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles.
They are different from
bacterial cells, which are
prokaryotic and therefore
do not have a defined
nucleus or organelles.
Yeast are classified as part of the Fungi Kingdom , separate from the Plant and Animal Kingdoms.
There are hundreds of yeast species, but usually when people talk about yeast, they are talking about Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the species commonly used in baking.
Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process that
occurs in the presence of oxygen and turns
nutrients into energy. This is a process that both
single-celled and multicellular organisms perform.
The release of carbon dioxide by the yeast is what causes the tiny bubbles in bread dough, making it rise and giving it an airy texture.
In the balloon experiment, the yeast are
performing anaerobic respiration , or
fermentation , because their environment is
lacking oxygen.
This is the same process that is used to make beer.
Yeast are invaluable to the scientific community because they are used as model organisms for eukaryotes.
In the lab, they have been used to generate biopharmaceuticals , such as the hepatitis vaccine and insulin to treat diabetes.