Download Western Civilization Test #3 | HIST - Western Civilization and more Quizzes Cultural History of Europe in PDF only on Docsity!
James
Hargreaves
From Lancashire. Invented spinning machine. Called it jenny. TERM 2
Richard Trevithick
DEFINITION 2 Cornish. One of first steam-powered coal trains. TERM 3
"Putting Out" System
DEFINITION 3 Businessmen provided raw materials to women to work out of their homes with spinning wheels. TERM 4
John Kay
DEFINITION 4 John Kay was English, and from Lancashire. He invented the fly-shuttle which helped out with the hand loom. TERM 5
George Stephenson
DEFINITION 5 Decided a train could carry passengers. Owned the Stockton and Darlington Railway. Rocket was his first train.
Richard
Arkwright
From Lancashire, England. Made the water-frame which helped make strong thread. TERM 7
James Watt
DEFINITION 7 Scottish. Improved the Newcomen engine, and added second cylinder called condenser. Patented fire engine, water gauge, and flywheel device. Invented name horse power. Perfected steam engines for commercial use. TERM 8
Coke
DEFINITION 8 Iron smelting plants began using coke in 18th century. Used as fuel for smelting iron, and this led to more coal mines in England. TERM 9
Horsepower
DEFINITION 9 Watt created this name to measure the power of a steam engine. TERM 10
The Rocket
DEFINITION 10 George Stephenson's first locomotive engine. Went 16 miles per hour.
Factory System
Arwkright one of the early developers.Big work space, workers only had one job, and led to the standardization of products. TERM 17
Edgar Allen Poe
DEFINITION 17 One of greatest Gothic novelists, and was American. Wrote stories involving spirits, macabre deaths, and premature burials. TERM 18
Romanticism
DEFINITION 18 Began in Europe towards the beginning of the 19th century in response to the Enlightenment of the 18th century. Rebellion against reason. TERM 19
Standardization of Product
DEFINITION 19 Factory system led to this since machines could now produce items identical to each other. TERM 20
Nathaniel Hawthorne
DEFINITION 20 American writer. Wrote Gothic stories like House of the Seven Gables.
Franz Schubert
Austrian romantic composer. Wrote hundreds of works including symphonies and piano solos. TERM 22
Robert Burns
DEFINITION 22 Scottish poet, and romantic writer. His poems focused on the lives of ordinary people especially Scottish folk. TERM 23
Mary Shelley
DEFINITION 23 English author. Famous Gothic writer. Wrote Frankenstein. TERM 24
Manchester
DEFINITION 24 In Lancashire, England. Large factory town. Center of the cotton textile industry. TERM 25
Imperialism
DEFINITION 25 Maintenance of a country's power through military force. Highest stage of capitalism. This always involves the export of capital to foreign countries for the purpose of exploiting and dominating their labor forces, and markets.
Boers
Conflict between the British and Dutch Boers (settlers/farmers) in Boer Transvaal when gold was discovered. The British won the Boer war, but was very expensive. TERM 32
Lumiere
Brothers
DEFINITION 32 French. Produced first projected motion picture. TERM 33
Henry Stanley
DEFINITION 33 Was a famous British journalist, and African explorer who established an outpost in the Congo fro Belgian king Leopold II. TERM 34
Louis Daguerre
DEFINITION 34 Frenchman. Produced images called daguerrotypes. Fixed image permanently with salts like Niepce. TERM 35
Rudolf Diesel
DEFINITION 35 German. Patented oil-burning engine (rather than steam).
Thomas Alva Edison
American. Made the first electric light. TERM 37
Second Industrial Revolution
DEFINITION 37 Also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution. Lasted from the lasthalf of the 19th century until World War I. Relied heavily on industrial production. TERM 38
Andrew Carnagie
DEFINITION 38 Scottish-American. One of richest men at turn of the century. Steel business. TERM 39
Christopher Sholes
DEFINITION 39 American. Invented typewriter. TERM 40
Edwin Drake
DEFINITION 40 Drilled first commercial oil wells.
Proletariat
Term used to identify a lower social class. TERM 47
Herairia Philike
DEFINITION 47 Greek revolt against teh Ottoman Empire. This was a secret society which led the rebellion in 1821 against the Ottoman Turks. TERM 48
Philosophical Radicals
DEFINITION 48 English political radicals in the nineteenth century. Disheartened by the plight of the lower classes in Great Britain. Radicals wanted the vote for all men, and redefinition of entire English political system. TERM 49
Louis Blanc
DEFINITION 49 French thinker who believed competition was the cause of all evils in society. Believed property should be owned by the state, and government should control the economic life of its people. His ideas were called Saint-Simonism. TERM 50
The Three Glorious Days
DEFINITION 50 July 28-30. Revolution with street riots in France. Erected barricades. In the second wave of revolutions, and against King Charles.
Karl Marx
Prussian. Wrote The Communist Manifesto and Capital. Combined four ideals for a society. Basis for communism in the twentieth century. TERM 52
Louis Napoleon/Napoleon III
DEFINITION 52 In France. Bonapartists did not support Louis Philippe, but rather the nephew of Napoleon. First presidential election was in France in 1848, and they selected this guy. Declared himself Emperor. Ruled 1852-1870. Granted male suffrage. TERM 53
Decembrist Revolt
DEFINITION 53 Rebellion in Russia over who would take the throne after Alexander I died--Constantine or Nicholas. This was in faovr of Constantine, but failed. TERM 54
Bloody June Days
DEFINITION 54 France. Radical republicans led street demonstrations which came to a head June 24-26, 1848when street barricades were erected, and violence ensued with thousands of casuelties. TERM 55
Victoria
DEFINITION 55 Ruler of Great Britain from 1837-1901. Very popular.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Italian general. Freedom fighter in 1860, and marched with the Red Shirts who fought to free Sicily from French control. Got Naples, and Siciily added to the Kingdom of Italy. Cavour eventually defeated him. TERM 62
Florence Nightengale
DEFINITION 62 Seved in Crimean War as a British nurse. Greatly improved careless and deadly conditions in military hospitals. TERM 63
Otto Bismarck
DEFINITION 63 Prussia's chief minister in 1862. Wanted to bring all the Germanies under one national banner. William I (king of Prussia) was fortunate to have him. Went to war with Dutch, started Seven Weeks War, and awar between France and russia. He unified most of the German states (whilst excluding some, most notably Austria) into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. TERM 64
Maximilian
DEFINITION 64 Neopoleon III's efforts to place Archduke of Austria on the throne of Mexico ended in his execution. TERM 65
Monster Petition
DEFINITION 65 Spring of 1848. In England, 50,000 protesters marched to Parliament carrying the petition which wanted male suffrage, elections, abolition of property qualifications for voting, and written ballot for elections.
