Download West-E Social Studies 2024: Key Questions & Answers and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity!
West-E Social Studies 2024 Questions & Answers |
100% Correct | Verified
What did Aristotle and Plato believe about political science? - ✔✔It would lead to order in political matters and that this organized order would create stable, just societies How did Thomas Aquinas influence political study? - ✔✔He adapted the ideas of Aristotle to a Christian perspective. Focused on having certain rights and responsibilities. Laid the groundwork for what would become modern constitutionalism. How did Niccolo Machiavelli influence political study? - ✔✔He wrote The Prince and was a proponent of politics based on power. How did Thomas Hobbes influence political study? - ✔✔Author of Leviathan (1651); believed that individual's lives were focused on the quest for power; and the state must control this urge. People were unable to live in harmony without government intervention. How did John Locke influence political study? - ✔✔Wrote Two Treatises of Civil Government (1690); argued against Hobbes ideas; idea of "tabula rasa" or blank slate; Experience molds individual minds, not innate knowledge or intuition; all men were essentially good; many of his ideas were included in the US Constitution How did Montesquieu and Rousseau influence political study? - ✔✔(1789-1815) heavily influenced the French revolution; believed government policies should change to alleviate existing problems "liberalism" Wrote: "The Social Contract (1762); "Declaration of he Rights of Man" and "The Citizen (1789) How did Hume and Bentham influence political study? - ✔✔"the greatest happiness for the greatest number"; believed in empiricism - proof must be observed in order to believe an idea How did John Stuart Mill influence political study? - ✔✔British philosopher and economist; progressive - women's suffrage; emancipation; and development of labor organizations and farming coops (1806-
How did Fichte and Hegel influence political study? - ✔✔18th century German philosophers; supported a form of liberalism grounded largely in socialism and a sense of nationalism What is liberalism? - ✔✔Belief that government policies should change to alleviate existing problems What is paternalism? - ✔✔Condescending belief that a superior is "helping" someone in a subordinate position (like master to slave) because that person is incapable of helping themselves Federalism - ✔✔power of the government does not belong entirely to the national government, but is divided between national and state governments popular sovereignty - ✔✔government is determined by the people and gains its authority and power from the people separation of powers - ✔✔government is divided into three branches - executive, legislative and judicial judicial review - ✔✔courts at all levels of government can declare laws invalid if they contradict the constitutions of individual station, or the US constitution liberal political orientation - ✔✔believes in working to increase equality, sometimes at the expense of some freedoms, but overall government should not interfere with individual freedom conservate political orientation - ✔✔government should be limited in all cases except those of supporting longstanding moral values, often tied to religious beliefs; allow citizens to solve social issues; little to no regulation on businesses moderate political orientation - ✔✔incorporates ome liberal and some conservative values libertarian - ✔✔limiting the role of government to the defense of the country and supporting social as well as economic freedom
The U.S. government would most likely collaborate with other member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on which of the following foreign policy initiatives? - ✔✔containing the expansion of authoritarian states Factors of production are best defined as the: - ✔✔resources needed to produce goods and services. Which of the following is the most appropriate measure of productivity? - ✔✔output per unit of inputs Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. The Sullivan Paper Company operates in a niche market that it has long dominated. Over the past several years, however, two new firms have undermined Sullivan's market position by selling goods similar to those produced by Sullivan at a consid- erable markdown. In response, Sullivan executives have reduced production of existing products and begun development of a new line of goods to be marketed to high- end buyers. Information presented in the passage best illustrates how: - ✔✔prices influence the economic decision- making process. In country X, the financial resources available to the nation's steel industry were abruptly cut in half when the government decided to reorient the agricultural sector from production for domestic markets to the production of export crops. The nation's farmers, however, had difficulty making the transition to new crops with unfamiliar cultivation and storage requirements, while workers laid off in the steel plants struggled to find new jobs. This scenario best illustrates which of the following? - ✔✔the inefficiency associated with command economic systems Which of the following best illustrates the role of the U.S. government in reallocating resources? - ✔✔purchasing goods and services from private businesses Which of the following changes in economic indicators would most likely prompt government policymakers to consider adopting an expansionary fiscal policy? - ✔✔an increase in the rate of unemployment Which of the following best describes a significant difference between maps and globes? - ✔✔A globe is less likely to contain distortions in the size and shape of landmasses.
Which of the following best matches a major source of conflict in the late twentieth century with two countries in which such conflict has occurred? - ✔✔religious nationalism: India and Pakistan The global importance of biomass fuels as an energy source has declined steadily since the mid-nineteenth century primarily because of: - ✔✔the discovery and development of fossil fuels. To improve air quality in heavily polluted industrial regions of the Midwest, legis- lation in the United States required manufacturing firms to increase the height of smokestacks so that pollutants would be discharged higher in the atmosphere. Implementation of this response to local pollution contributed most directly to which of the following environmental problems? - ✔✔the degradation of forests and lakes east of the industrial region by acid rain Which of the following features of the French and Indian War (1754-1761) led most directly to a breakdown in relations between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies during the decade following the conflict? - ✔✔the large debts incurred by the British government to finance the war effort In which of the following ways did Virginia and Maryland differ from colonial New England during the first half of the eighteenth century? - ✔✔Plantations growing a single staple crop were the foundation of the Virginia and Maryland economies. Which of the following excerpts from the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments (1848) most clearly illustrates the influence of the American Revolution on the antebellum women's movement in the United States? - ✔✔"[Man] has compelled [woman] to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice." Which of the following elements of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) contributed most to rising intersectional tensions between the North and the South? - ✔✔Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in the territories. During the 1880s and 1890s, which of the following strategies most distinguished the American Federation of Labor (AFL) from other early labor organizations in the United States? - ✔✔organizing skilled workers into national trade unions
Which of the following best describes an important consequence of the Reformation for European civilization? - ✔✔Protestant emphasis on individual study of the Bible contributed to the spread of literacy. Throughout much of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867), Japanese rulers adopted an isolationist foreign policy. Their primary reason for restricting contact with other nations was to: - ✔✔limit foreign influence on Japanese society and culture. Use the excerpt below from an 1815 letter by Simón Bolívar to answer the question that follows. We were, as I have just explained, virtually removed from the world in relation to the science of government and administration of the state. We were never viceroys or governors, save in exceptional circumstances; seldom arch- bishops and bishops; diplomats never; in the army, only subordinates; as nobles, without royal privileges. In brief, we were neither magistrates nor financiers and seldom merchants—all in direct contravention of our institutions. The excerpt above can best be used to show the influence of which of the following ideals of the French Revolution on leaders of the Latin American independence movement? - ✔✔the equal status of all people as human beings Which of the following best describes an important factor that enabled industrial- ization to proceed more swiftly in Great Britain than in France or Germany during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? - ✔✔the willingness of the British gov- ernment to support the initiatives of risk-taking private entrepreneurs The two major figures in the Chinese Civil War of the late 1940s—Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek— differed most in their approach to which of the following questions? - ✔✔What should be the relationship among the major social groups in Chinese society? In which of the following ways has the increasingly widespread use of computers contributed most to the cultural and intellectual integration of the world? - ✔✔Computers have enhanced people's ability to receive and send infor- mation on diverse subjects. Which of the following places three major eras or developments in world history in
correct chronological order? - ✔✔1. the Italian Renaissance 2. the Columbian Exchange 3. the Enlightenment A researcher who is studying patterns of late twentieth-century Mexican immi- gration to the United States would likely find data about changes in which of the following most useful? - ✔✔the average income of Mexican families A historian would most likely use the term liberal to describe an eighteenth-century political theorist who: - ✔✔supported government regulation of trade. A social science researcher would most likely use content or textual analysis to examine which of the following questions? - ✔✔How did popular attitudes toward the Vietnam War change between 1965 and 1975? Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. Of the many weaknesses of the U.S. economy of the 1920s, the banking system was doubtless the greatest. During the decade, more banks in the United States failed than in any other industrial nation in the world. One of the system's major shortcomings was its structure. There were numerous independent banks that lacked the assets to withstand a serious jolt to the general economy. When one or several of these banks went under, the assets of other banks with which they did business were compromised. This naturally worried their depositors, and the more worried they became, the more likely they were to withdraw their savings. In short, it was a situation in which a relatively small number of bank failures could touch off a chain reaction that reverberated through the whole system. Based on the information presented in the passage, the author would most likel - ✔✔Lack of sufficient government regulation during the 1920s left the banking industry in a vulnerable position. A pie chart would best be used to convey which of the following kinds of infor- mation? - ✔✔the proportion of a city's total annual expenditures devoted to each of 10 major budget categories Use the social science research question below to answer the question that follows. Why did labor unions lose influence in US politics during the second half of the twentieth century?
How does Federalism influence the political balance of power in the US? - ✔✔1. making it difficult/impossible for a single political party to seize total power 2. ensuring that individuals can participate in the political system at various levels 3. making it possible for individuals working within the system to be able to affect policy at some level, whether local or widespread Evolutionary origin of state theory - ✔✔the state evolved from the family, with the head of state the equivalent of the family's patriarch or matriarch Force origin of state theory - ✔✔one person or group of people brought everyone in an are under their control, forming the first government Divine right origin of state theory - ✔✔certain people were chosen by the prevailing deity to be the rulers of the nation, which is itself created by the deity or deities Social contract origin of state theory - ✔✔there is no natural order. The people allow themselves to be governed to maintain social order, while the state in turn promises to protect the people they govern. If the government fails to protect its people, the people have the right to seek new leaders. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans - ✔✔formed in the late 1700s and disagreed on the balance of power between national and state government Democrats and Whigs - ✔✔developed before the Civil War, based on disagreements about various issues such as slavery Democrats and Republicans - ✔✔developed after Civil War, with issues centering on the treatment of the post-war South Communism - ✔✔One-party system, govn't controls the production and flow of goods Fascism - ✔✔single leader with centralized control; focuses on expansion and conquering of other nations
Constitutional Monarchy - ✔✔king and queen exist; but most governmental decisions are made through parliament via democratic process Presidential System - ✔✔has a legislature and political parties, but there is no difference between the head of state and head of government - president performs both functions Socialism - ✔✔state controls production of goods, but does not necessarily own all means of production; provides social services to citizens and helps guide the economy; democratic form of government often exists in socialist countries Totalitarian government - ✔✔everything should be under the control of the government Authoritarian government - ✔✔widespread state authority, but does not necessarily dismantle all public institutions Parliamentary government - ✔✔government involves a legislature and a variety of political parties; head of government (Prime Minister) is typically the head of the dominant party; PM can be elected or a monarch can take this position Direct Democratic system - ✔✔each issue or election is decided by a vote where each individual vote is counted separately Indirect Democratic system - ✔✔employs a legislature that votes on issues that affect large numbers of people who the legislative members represent Theory of realism - ✔✔nations are by nature aggressive and work in their own self-interest Theory of liberalism - ✔✔believes states can cooperate and that they act based on capabilities rather than power. Originally coined by Woodrow Wilson's theories on international cooperation
