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WEST COAST EMT BLOCK 2 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) | GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION
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The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the: A. bundle of His B. atrioventricular node C. sinoatrial node D. purkinje fibers ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. sinoatrial node The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the: A. pulmonary veins B. inferior venae cavae C. superior venae cavae D. pulmonary arteries ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. pulmonary veins The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the: A. ilium B. ischium C. coccyx D. sacrum ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. coccyx Which of the following glands regulates function of all other endocrine glands in the body? A. parathyroid B. pituitary C. adrenal D. thyroid ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. pituitary
Which is not a facial bone? A. mandible B. maxilla C. zygoma D. mastoid ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. mastoid Age-related changes in the renal system result in: A. formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass B. significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water C. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function D. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --D. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed An infant or small child's airway an be occluded if it is overextended or over flexed because: A. the back of the head is flat, which prevents neutral position B. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible D. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse -- ----CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible At what age does the separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? A. 24-36 months B. 6-8 months
D. 30, 130 ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. 60, 100
Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after: A. all patients have been triaged B. a physician arrives on scene C. area hospitals have been notified D. medical control has been contacted ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- --A. all patients have been triaged Which of the following medical history questions would be LEAST pertinence in an acute situation? A. "does your mom have diabetes?" B. "are there meds that you cannot take?" C. "has this ever happened to you before?" D. "does the pain stay in your chest?" ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- A. "does your mom have diabetes?" A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with A. nasal cannula B. mouth to mask device C. bag-mask device D. nonrebreathing mask ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. nonrebreathing mask At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approx O concentration up to: A. 52% B. 44% C. 35% D. 24% ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. 44%
Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by: A. adequate amounts of surfactant. B. surfacant-destorying organisms C. pulmonary capillary constriction D. water or blood within the alveoli ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. adequate amounts of surfactant. High flow O2 with nasal cannula during preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called: A. active ventilation B. apneic oxygenation C. denitrogenation D. passive ventilation ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. apneic oxygenation O2 toxicity is a condition in which: A. excessive blood oxygen levels cause the hypoxic patient to stop breathing B. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood result in free radical production C. significantly low levels of oxygen in the blood damage the cellular tissue D. cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in blood ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in blood The hypoxic drive is influenced by: A. high blood oxygen levels B. high blood carbon dioxide levels C. low blood carbon dioxide levels D. low blood oxygen levels ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. low blood oxygen levels
B. 80
C. 90
D. 70 ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. 90
An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: A. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke B. transport time to hospital is more than 30 mins C. authorization from medical control has been obtained D. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. authorization from medical control has been obtained Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain: A. constricts the veins throughout the body B. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries C. increases blood return to the right atrium D. increases myocardial contraction force ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------B. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries The EMT should assess a patient's tidal volume by? A. observing for adequate chest rise B. assessing the facial area for cyanosis C. counting the patient's respiratory rate D. measuring the patient's oxygen saturation ------CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------A. Observing for adequate chest rise Tidal volume- the volume of air that is moved in or out of lungs by single breath- observed by adequate chest rise. If rise is shallow, tidal volume is likely reduced. In an otherwise healthy individual, the primary stimulus to breath is a(n): A. increased level of oxygen in the blood B. decreased level of oxygen in the blood
C. increased level of carbon dioxide in blood D. decreased level of carbon dioxide in blood ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------C. increased level of carbon dioxide in blood Under control of the brain stem, rising levels of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood normally stimulate breathing in an otherwise healthy patient. Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. pink, warm, dry skin B. shallow chest rise C. symmetrical chest movement D. a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- B. shallow chest rise shallow chest rise= reduced tidal volume During insertion of an oropharyngeal airway into an unconscious patient, she begins to vomit. The first thing you should do is: A. turn the patient on her side. B. remove the airway at once. C. suction the patient's mouth. D. use a smaller-sized oral airway. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. turn the patient on their side allows vomit to drain In which of the following patients would a nasopharyngeal airway be contraindicated? A. a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex B. an unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex C. a patient who fell 20 feet and lander on their head D. an unconscious patient who gags when you insert an oral airway ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. a patient who fell 20 feet and lander on their head contraindication with patients with severe head or facial injuries
C. increase the rate and volume D. decreased ventilation rate but increase the volume ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. reposition his head gastric distention occurs when air enters the stomach You are managing a 62yr old who complains of crushing chest pain. Her BP is 84/64 with HR of 110. Medical control advises you to assist in her taking her prescribed nitroglycerin. You should: A. reassess the HR then assisted with nitro B. repeat the BP to DR and confirm order C. wait 10 mins, reassess BP, then give nitro D. administer the nitro and reassess BP ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----B. Repeat the BP to DR and confirm order Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator and lowers BP, contraindication in BP < Activated charcoal is indicated for patients who ingested certain drugs/toxins because it: A. acts as direct reversal agent for most meds B. induces vomiting C. detoxifies the drug before it can cause harm D. binds the chemicals in stomach and delays absorption ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. Binds to the chemicals in the stomach and delays absorption activated charcoal=an adsorbent With regard to pharmacology, the term "action" refers to the: A. ability of drug to cause harm B. ability of drug to produce side effects C. amount of time it will take the drug to work D. expected effect of drug on the patient's body ------CORRECT ANSWER- --------------D. expected effect of drug on the patient's body
Which patient is the BEST candidate for oral glucose? A. a conscious patient who is showing signs of hypoglycemia B. an unconscious diabetic C. conscious diabetic with suspected hyperglycemia D. a semiconscious patient with signs/symptoms of low BG ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. a conscious patient who is showing signs of hypoglycemia Epi is given to patients with anaphylactic shock because of its effects of: A. bronchodilation and vasodilation B. bronchodilation and vasoconstriction C. vasodilation and bronchoconstriction D. bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------B. bronchodilation and vasoconstriction anaphylactic shock= bronchoconstriction and vasodilation A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means: A. is excessively thirsty B. urinates frequently C. has low blood sugar D. is unable to swallow ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. is excessively thirsty After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called: A. hemolysis B. hemiplegia C. hemostasis D. hematemesis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. hemostasis Enlargement of the liver is called:
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called: A. diffusion B. breathing C. ventilation D. osmosis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. diffusion Skeletal muscle is also called: A. smooth muscle B. autonomic muscle C. involuntary muscle D. voluntary muscle ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. voluntary muscle Carpal bones form the ____: A. ankle B. wrist C. foot D. hand ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. wrist Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, except: A. decreased residual volume B. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage C. a loss of respiratory muscle mass D. increased surface area available for air exchange ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. increased surface area available for air exchange In preconventional reasoning, children:
A. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children B. look for approval from their peers and society C. make decisions based on their conscience D. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? A. an infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's head B. the trachea of an infant is less flexible than an adults rib cage C. the rib cage of an infant is less flexible than an adults rib cage D. an infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------D. an infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? A. because a decrease in the number of brain cells, a persons level of intelligence decreases with age B. generally speaking, the brain increases in size 10-20% by the time a person reaches 80 yrs C. interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite of loss of neurons D. the metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite of loss of neurons A 29 yr old male with head injury opens his eyes when you speak, is confused to time and date, and is able to move all extremities on command. His Glasgow coma score is: A. 10 B. 14
Asthma ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. Airway can become inflamed and narrow-air harder to flow in and out COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -------------A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. Meningitis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord CHF right vs left ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------- Right: Heart failure occurs when the fluid backs up into the body.
- Left: Fluids backs up into the lungs. The excess fluid in the lungs causes pulmonary edema, and the patient will have severe shortness of breath and hypoxia with crackles in the lungs. S&S of compensated shock ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Apprehensiveness Irritability Unexplained tachycardia Normal blood pressure Narrowing pulse pressure Thirst Pallor Diminished urinary output Reduced perfusion of extremities
s/s of decompensated shock ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Confusion and somnolence Tachypnea Moderate metabolic acidosis Oliguria Cool, pale extremities Decreased skin turgor Poor capillary filling Layers of skin ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------epidermis, dermis, hypodermis 12 lead ECG ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Limb leads: I, II, II, AVR, AVL, AVF Chest leads: V₁ , V₂ , V₃ , V₄ , V₅ , V₆ start at 4th intercostal right to left then 5th and lateral, etc Airway obstruction treatment ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------adult: heimlich peds: 5 back slaps obese: chest thrusts how can cardiac output decrease of the heart rate beats too fast ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------allows less time for the ventricle to fill with blood after each heartbeat Vertebrae ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cervical spine: 7 vertebrae (C1-C7)
Wheezing. High-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. respiratory alkalosis vs acidosis ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- alkalosis: ventilator setting may be too high (overvent)- CO2 drops too low causing blood pH to rise becoming too alkaline acidosis: ventilator setting may too low (undervent): blood becomes too acidic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------When the large blood vessel (aorta) that supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs becomes abnormally large or balloons outward.
- weakness in wall of aorta nasal cannula ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils. stable pt. mild hypoxia. O2 rate 1-6L/min= 24-44% NRB vs. BVM ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------NRB (10-5L/min=up to 90%) if the patient is breathing, BVM if the patient is not. The NRB is an oxygen delivery device only. The patient has to moving air adequately for it to be effective. The BVM (15L/min=nearly 100%) is a ventilatory device. It provides assisted ventilations to a patient without an adequate minute volume or not moving air at all. Kussmaul respirations ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
Four Abdomen Quadrants ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------right upper quadrant- liver, stomach, duoduem, gallbladder, right kidney/adrenal, pancreas, transverse colon. left upper quadrant: spleen, stomach, left kidney/adrenal, pancreas, transverse colon, small intestine. right lower quadrant-appendix, large intestine, cecum, right reproductive organs. left lower quadrant- small/large intestine, left ureter, left reproductive organs, sigmoid colon. Blood flow through the heart ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------R. atrium (deoxygenated), R. ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins (now oxygenated), L. atrium, L ventricle, aorta, body Anaerobic vs. Aerobic ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------anaerobic: no oxygen aerobic: oxygen Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood Primary Assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------identifying immediate life threats, through an assessment of the ABCs. Depending on the mechanism of injury, consider spinal stabilization at this point. Airway - Assess for problems such as an airway obstruction or an airway occluded by blood or vomit. Secondary Assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------is to rapidly and systematically assess injured patients from head to toe to identify all injuries and to rapidly and systematically assess critically ill patients when the cause of their signs and symptoms is unclear.
