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What are the basic functions of the Cardiovascular system? Delivery of oxygen, nutrients and hormones to various body tissues, and the transport of waste products to the appropriate waste removal system. TERM 2 What are the 3 major parts of the Cardiovascular System? DEFINITION 2 The heart, the blood vessels, and the blood. TERM 3 Outline the route of blood flow through the heart DEFINITION 3 Blood enters into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava from all tissues except for the lungs.Blood flows from the right atrium through the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricleThe right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery which carries it to the lungs.The left atrium receives oxygenated blood through the four pulmonary veins. The blood flows through the left atrioventricular (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.Blood enters the left ventricle from the left atrium, where it is then pumped through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and to the rest of the body. TERM 4 Cardiac conduction system DEFINITION 4 The cardiac conduction system is a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. TERM 5 How is heart rate controlled? DEFINITION 5 By the autonomic nervous system.
What does the P wave on an ECG correspond to? The contraction (depolarization) of the atria TERM 7 What does the PR segment on an ECG represent? DEFINITION 7 The brief slowing of the signal that allows the right and left ventricles to fill with blood. TERM 8 What happens once the signal is released from the AV node, and how is this represented on an ECG? DEFINITION 8 The signal is released and moves next to the Bundle of His, located in your hearts ventricles. From the Bundle of His, the signal divides into left and right bundle branches, which run right through the hearts septum. On the ECG, this is represented by the hearts Q wave. TERM 9 What happens after the signal leaves the left and right bundle branches? DEFINITION 9 The signal leaves the left and right bundle branches through the Perkinje fibers that connect directly to the cells in the walls of the hearts ventricles. From here the signal spreads rapidly across the hearts ventricles. TERM 10 True or False: The hearts ventricles do not contract exactly at the same time. The left ventricle contracts an instant before the right ventricle. DEFINITION 10 True
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart with the exception of the pulmonary artery? Arteries TERM 17 A low pressure collecting system that returns blood to the heart. DEFINITION 17 Veins TERM 18 Single-cell-thick vessels that connect the venous and arterial system. Due to the small diameter of the vessel, blood flow is slow, allowing for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products. DEFINITION 18 Capillaries TERM 19 Congestive Heart Failure DEFINITION 19 A syndrome that can occur with any disorder that damages or overworks the heart muscle and results in the heart failing to effectively pump blood around the body. Any failure of the heart muscle to pump blood out of the heart may result in a backup of blood. The backup of blood may cause blood vessels to become congested; in time the cells of the body will become deprived of oxygen and nutrients and exposed to excessive amounts of waste products. TERM 20 Arrhythmia DEFINITION 20 A disruption in the cardiac rate or rhythm. Arrhythmias interfere with the work of the heart and can disrupt cardiac output. Arrhythmias can be caused by changes in the rate, stimulation from an ectopic focus, or by alterations in conduction through the muscle.
What is it called when the autonomic nervous system changes the rate of firing in order to meet the animals oxygen demand. Sinus Arrhythmia TERM 22 A faster-than-normal heart rate with a normal appearing ECG is known as: DEFINITION 22 Sinus Tachycardia TERM 23 A slower-than-normal heart rate with a normal appearing ECG is known as: DEFINITION 23 Sinus bradycardia TERM 24 When the conduction begins at a site above the ventricles, but not the SA node, the heart is experiencing: DEFINITION 24 Supraventricular arrhythmias TERM 25 What are the types of Supraventricular arrhythmias? DEFINITION 25 premature atrial contractions (ectopic focus in the atria causing an impulse out of the normal rhythm) paroxysmal atrial tachycardias (sporadically occuring runs of rapid heart rate originating in the atria) atrial flutter (a single ectopic focus generating a regular, fast atrial rate) atrial fibrillation (many ectopic foci firing in an uncoordinated manner throughout the atria)
