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WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 370 FINAL EXAM|2025-
2026|ACTUAL 150Qs&As|A+GRADE
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.) a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host. c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells. e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host. Rationale:The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites. Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select all that apply) a. Amyloid plaques b. Epileptogenic focus c. Focal cerebral infarct d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system a. Amyloid plaques d. Neurofibrillary tangles Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with Alzheimer disease; serotonin abnormalities are found in depression. Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement? a. It is not seen in children. b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia. c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years. d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in children and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of leukemia in the US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
An enlarged thyroid gland produces a colloid goiter when a. Lack of iodine prevents formation of thyroid-stimulating hormone without stopping T4 and T3 production b. Lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without stopping thyroglobulin formation c. Excessive iodine suppresses thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4, and T formation d. Dietary iodine is insufficient and replaced with iodized salt b. Lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without stopping thyroglobulin formation Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis? a. Smoking b. Genetics c. Gender d. Age a. Smoking What physiologic abnormality is characteristic of emphysema? a. Collapse of the proximal airways b. Trapping of air in the distal air sacs c. Widespread occurrence of bronchial plugs d. Extensive inflammation of the lower airways
b. Trapping of air in the distal air sacs Which condition constitutes an emergency situation? a. Phimosis b. Hydrocele c. Epididymitis d. Testicular torsion d. Testicular torsion Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells? a. Staging b. Grading c. Cachexia d. Angiogenesis b. Grading Which is a risk factor associated with hypertension? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Caucasian race c. African-American race
Leukocytes protect the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms and other debris. They also participate in antibody formation. Platelets are essential in clot formation. Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen. Plasma proteins contribute to blood viscosity and blood pressure. A diagnosis of cryptorchidism indicates that the client has a. An undersized penis b. An undescended testis c. A misplaced urethral meatus opening d. Foreskin that is not in its normal position b. An undescended testis Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure are which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Race c. Diet d. Weight e. Chronic illness a. Age b. Race
c. Diet d. Weight The older a person is, the less elastic the blood vessels are, which results in higher systemic vascular resistance. High blood pressure occurs two to three times more frequently in the African American population than in the Caucasian population. Diets high in fat and sodium have been associated with hypertension. An association with elevated body mass index and high blood pressure has been noted; however, the exact mechanism is unclear. Chronic illness will not necessarily result in hypertension. The pathologic changes that occur in the development of coronary atherosclerotic lesions include cell damage resulting from which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. A decrease in smooth muscle cells b. A chronic calcium buildup c. The effects of oxidized lipids d. An inflammatory response e. The formation of plaques c. The effects of oxidized lipids d. An inflammatory response e. The formation of plaques
c. Early detection d. Chemotherapeutic agents c. Early detection Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically, which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs. A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation? a. Atrophy b. Metaplasia c. Hypertrophy d. Hyperplasia c. Hypertrophy A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy c. Low back pain d. Weak urine flow e. Incomplete bladder emptying b. Hesitancy d. Weak urine flow e. Incomplete bladder emptying What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.) a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint e. Morning stiffness in joints a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules e. Morning stiffness in joints Atrial fibrillation is best described as when a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis? a. It is a localized disease. b. Its prevalence is affected by climate. c. It affects men three times more than women. d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called a. Psychiatry b. Physiology c. Homeostasis d. Pathophysiology b. Physiology Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? a. It is autosomal-dominant. b. It affects endocrine glands. c. It is common in African Americans. d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.) a. B cells b. Platelets c. Monocytes d. Natural killer cells e. Granulocytes b. Platelets c. Monocytes e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Decreased postural blood pressure b. Flat neck veins c. Weight loss d. Dizziness e. Vomiting. f. Oliguria
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain and is most commonly caused by viral infection. Brain abscesses act like space-occupying lesions and are often caused by pus- forming bacteria. Bacteremia is bacteria in the blood. Meningitis is an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid and can be either bacterial or viral. Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Positive Trousseau sign b. Positive Chvostek sign c. Hyperactive reflexes. d. Muscle twitching e. Constipation f. Paresthesias a. Positive Trousseau sign b. Positive Chvostek sign c. Hyperactive reflexes. d. Muscle twitching f. Paresthesias What are the early signs of Parkinson disease? (Select all that apply.)
a. Drooling b. Small writing c. Monotone speech d. Minimal blinking e. Loss of facial expression d. Minimal blinking e. Loss of facial expression The early signs of Parkinson disease include infrequent eye blinking and loss of facial expression. As the disease progresses, additional functional changes occur; these include drooling and micrographia (small handwriting). Advanced findings include low-volume, monotonous, and dysarthric speech. What is a common site for bone metastases to occur? a. Vertebral bodies b. Midshaft femur c. Carpal bones d. Radius a. Vertebral bodies Which are types of dialysis? (Select all that apply.)
b. Hypercortisolism caused by ectopic nonpituitary tumors c. Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause d. Hypercortisolism that is pituitary dependent c. Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause Which describes a pathologic manifestation of neurogenic shock? a. Release of vasodilatory mediators such as histamine into the circulation b. Loss of sympathetic activation of arteriolar smooth muscle c. Increased sympathetic nervous stimulation d. Massive immune system activation b. Loss of sympathetic activation of arteriolar smooth muscle Acute necrotizing pancreatitis raises the threat of what devastating sequela? a. Multisystem organ dysfunction b. Diabetes with neuropathy c. Bowel obstruction d. Cerebral edema a. Multisystem organ dysfunction
What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis? a. Thinning bronchial smooth muscle b. Hyperventilation c. Mucous plugs d. Infection c. Mucous plugs Which hormone is responsible for renal failure induced anemia? a. Aldosterone b. Angiotensin I c. Erythropoietin d. Parathyroid hormone c. Erythropoietin A common radiologic diagnostic manifestation of fibrotic restrictive disease is the appearance of a. Distended alveoli b. A honeycomb lung c. Destruction of acini d. Constrictive bronchi b. A honeycomb lung
