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WATER RESTORATION EXAM IICRC ALL
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The most critical course of action in restoration during is to an begin as soon as possible ✔✔respond quickly & mitigation All restorers should follow the standard of care for the water restoration profession developed by the restoration industry entitled the IICRC. ✔✔s to help protect technicians from the many hazards associated with contaminated water losses restorers need to have ready access to several items. these items protect for all to the body. ✔✔potential exposures respiratory protection regulations state that the employer must provide ✔✔1. medical evaluations
- fit testing
- training the contract clearly states the agreement between the building owner and the restoration contractor. the form specifies who is responsible for payment and should be signed work begins ✔✔before the technicians first responsibility when arriving at a water damage site is to identify communicate and eliminate if reasonably possible ✔✔safety hazards
federal regulations apply to handling or disturbing of based paint and asbestos ✔✔lead After safety concerns have been addressed and the initial water source has been stopped, the restorer must complete an evaluation of the water's migration through the structure. During this process, the restorer inspects all areas. ✔✔potentially affected the ultimate goal is to find the edge of water migration which moves in a three dimensional path throughout the structure. this is accomplished across carpeted surfaces using a and across most hard surfaces using a (non-penetrating) moisture meter. ✔✔moisture sensor , non-invasive water from a clean source with no substantial risk of causing sickness or discomfort is said to be ✔✔category 1 water that has significant degree of chemical biological and or physical contamination and potential to cause sickness or discomfort is ✔✔category 2 cleaning procedures must be employed before the drying of a category 2 water loss can continue. at a minimum affected must be removed and disposed of and carpet must be throughly cleaned using a hot water extraction method. ✔✔carpet underlay When water intrusion results from a grossly unsanitary source or carries (disease causing) agents, it is said to be Category 3. ✔✔pathogenic worker and occupant and safety are the 1st priority on every sewage loss. areas affected by category 3 water intrusion are marked and posted as potentially hazardous. ✔✔health
Many building materials will absorb excess water vapor and suffer damage, especially when air is allowed to remain above % relative humidity. ✔✔60% Hygroscopic materials gain and lose moisture continually in an effort to with the water content in the surrounding air mass. The more hygroscopic the material, the faster it will collect water vapor, and the easier it will suffer damage. ✔✔equalize and secondary When water intrusion results in water running through wall cavities, inspection access holes are used to ensure that blown-in insulation has not compacted and lost its. Wet compressed insulation should be ✔✔R-Value , removed the most effective way to speed the drying process is to remove as much of the water in a liquid state as possible during the phase (for example multiple extractions.) poor extractions will significant slow the drying process. ✔✔extractions Abide by local and regulations when disposing extracted water. Waste water is best disposed of into a sanitary sewer. ✔✔laws the primary goal of the initial extraction of the affected area is to contain further of the water within the structure. ✔✔migration Whenever carpet must be disengaged from the tackless strip, a and carpet awl must be used. ✔✔knee kicker the majority of cushion has a skin or mesh on the top side. the purpose of this skin is to ease during installation: it is not a vapor barrier ✔✔carpet stretching
If carpet is to be re-installed, technicians should avoid cutting carpet seams unless it is absolutely ✔✔necessary how many gallons of water are presenting a basement that measures 30' x 25' where water is standing at a depth of 6'9" ✔✔30'x25'x6.75' (9"/12") = 5062.5 cuft x 7.48= 37,867. every cubic foot of standing water present in a structure contains gallons (28.3 liters) and each gallon (3.8 liters) of water wights 8.34pounds (3.8 kg) ✔✔7. there are 3 levels of biocidal activity, according to the environmental protection agency EPA( provide starting with weakest) ✔✔1. sanitizer: cleaning treatment designed to reduce # of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level.
- disinfectant: designed to destroy or inactivate microorganisms but not necessarily their spores
- Sterilizer: a product designed to destroy or eliminate all forms of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses) and their spores. whenever a chemical antimicrobial or biocide is used restorers must follow the label explicitly ✔✔directions most antimicrobials require that the area of application be vacated by and pets during application and or a period of time after application. ✔✔occupants
evaporation will increase when ✔✔wet materials are made warmer when drier air is used air is moved more rapidly across the wet surface after excess water has been extracted the time needed to dry wet materials is determined by the ✔✔rate of evaporation as the water has been extracted the time needed to dry wet material is determined by the ✔✔rate of evaporation As the water is rapidly evaporated, the water vapor is removed by or. ✔✔dehumidification or ventilation occurs when liquid changes to a vapor. occurs as energy is increased ✔✔evaporation As moisture evaporates from a wet material, the surface of the material becomes because energy is released from the material. ✔✔cooler
. occurs when vapor changes to a liquid. occurs as energy is removed ✔✔condensation occurs when a solid changes to a vapor( without going through a liquid phase.) ✔✔sublimation
freeze-drying (sublimation) is typically used with valuable saturated books and documents. Books and documents saturated with clean water may be restorable if or as quickly as possible ✔✔frozen or dried is defined as the amount of moisture contained in an air sample as compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at the temperature. ✔✔relative humidity when the air temperature increases , it can hold water vapor ✔✔more In the restorative drying industry the weight measurement used to measure water vapor in air is grains per pound of air, abbreviated as GPP. This is called ✔✔humidity ratio which of these surface temperatures would prompt the most rapid evaporations? 60 degrees 70 degrees 80 degrees ✔✔ 80 if a material is not drying well what would be the most effective method of increasing evaporation? ✔✔warm the material one of the most effective methods of drying wet wood under hard surfaces is ✔✔heated airflow. Use of Psychometrics chart to complete the following calculation
if surfaces are then the dew point of the surrounding air, water will condense on those surfaces and possibly cause secondary damage. if surfaces are then the dew point of the surrounding air, evaporation can occur. ✔✔cooler warmer is the force exerted by a gas (vapor molecules) on the surrounding environment. ✔✔vapor pressure vapor pressure, dew point, and humidity ratio (GPP) are directly related to each other. when one increases the other two. when one decreases the other two. ✔✔increase decrease water vapor pressure is the force that drives higher convention of humidity from one space to another in an attempt to seek with lower concentration of water vapor. ✔✔equilibrium the ability for water vapor to diffuse through a solid material is expressed as the materials ✔✔permeance drying systems (provide name and brief descriptions of each) ✔✔open: intentional using outdoor air closed: using mechanical dehumidification only combination: using outdoor air combo with mechanical dehumidification
open , closed or combination - how to decide? ✔✔is the outside air humidity ratio lower? no : use closed drying yes: is the outside air warmer than 70 F? no: may use combination drying yes: is the security, weather, customer preference agreeable to open drying? no: use closed drying yes: can use open drying if open drying is determined appropriate, the following options (while keeping building security in mind) are available to the restorer ✔✔- using ventilation
- open windows
- install fans to create pressure differentials & air exchange drying systems merge the benefit of both open and closed drying: the use of available dry air from outside and the control offered by a closed system and mechanical dehumidification ✔✔combination Elevating the temperature of a material will increase the associated with the moisture in the material. ✔✔vapor pressure if the surface temperature of the material is higher than the temperature of the surrounding air , evaporation may occur. ✔✔dew point
screens grounded Install _ air mover for each area before you calculate additional air movers for the square feet of surfaces and for room offsets. ✔✔ 1 affected dehumidification reduces the content of the air ✔✔moisture A balanced drying system is achieved when the rate of dehumidification is greater than or equal to the rate of. ✔✔evaporation If the rate of evaporation is allowed to exceed the rate of dehumidification, can occur. ✔✔secondary damage Refrigerant dehumidifiers remove water from the air through the process of because of this fact, they are more efficient in higher humidity conditions. refrigerants dehumidifiers work best between 70 Degrees and 90 degrees F ✔✔condensation LGRs produce lower than conventional refrigerants and continue to remove significant water vapor down to GPP ✔✔vapor pressure 34 GPP
Because desiccant dehumidifiers do not use condensation to remove water, they are not limited by low dew point temperatures; therefore, they produce the lowest of any dehumidifier. ✔✔vapor pressure if a structure had affected air at 85 F at 65% RH the most efficient type of dehumidification to use would be a ✔✔refrigerant if a structure had affected air at 75 F at 25% RH the most efficient type of air dehumidifier to use would be ✔✔desiccant if a structure cannnot be warmed to a temperature where LGRs would be effective the most efficient type of dehumidifiers to use would be: ✔✔desiccant air filtration device (AFDs) are needed in water restoration work whenever high levels of are being added to the air ✔✔particulates to determine how many dehumidifiers to place : determine the feet (meters) affected or volume of air to be dehumidified by multiplying the area's length x width x height ✔✔cubic note the dehumidifier rating (Association of home appliance manufacturers or AHAM rating) of the refrigerant/LGR dehumidifier being used or the process out CFM of the desiccant dehumidifier being used. Dehumidifiers AHAM ratings are measured in pins of water removed at 80 F, 60% RH for 24 hours. ✔✔
in structures where the surface of the wall is covered with a non- surface as a vapor barrier, it may be necessary to remove base molding drill holes and introduce air movement. ✔✔permeable Airflow in the wall cavity increases the rate of and allows the wall to dry from both inside and out. ✔✔evaporation when ceilings are affected, drying procedures are similar to wall drying. if the ceiling is sagging or otherwise damaged, wet drywall is drained, removed, and. removal should be done drying procedures begin or continue. ✔✔discarded removed inspections are more consistent when the overall goals are kept in mind ✔✔a) determine hoe wet items are
- monitor daily in most circumstances
- use the same meters in the same locations each day b) determine if wet items are drying c)determine if affected items are dry (done) Restorers will know the drying job is dry and done when moisture meters verify that the structure has reached the. ✔✔drying goal moisture documentation of restoration work should include each of the following components ✔✔a)record of moisture content (RMC) b) moisture map-a diagram or sketch indicating the boundaries and moisture levels of the affected are.
c)record of drying conditions (RDC) or daily humidity record. the wood is considered dry when ✔✔a) solid hardwood is within 2-4 percentage points of normal equilibrium moisture content (dry standard) b) subsurfaces below hardwood are dried to within 2 - 4 percentage points of the hardwood c) after wood flooring has been dried to acceptable moisture content, appropriate **acclimation time should be allowed before refinishing the best way to prevent odors and retard microbial growth in a wet structure is to ensure that all materials are dried and ✔✔throughly and rapidly when the presence of mold is suspected it is important to communicate with all parties and use appropriate measures. ✔✔protective as with any contaminant mold should be removed or contained before any air movers are placed in the structure. blowing air can spread mold spores from the area to the rooms ✔✔contaminated , unaffected Dry rot (wood rot) can occur when wood is visibly dry yet wetter than % moisture content. ✔✔ 20
