Warburg effect in cancer, Cheat Sheet of Genetics

Download Warburg effect in cancer and more Cheat Sheet Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!

Unravelling

the

Warburg effect

BEFORE DIVING IN,

EN MASSE…

WARBURG EFFECT AND ATP

Rate of glucose metabolism 10-100 times faster Evolutionary game theory support that cells with a higher rate, but lower yield, of ATP production may gain a selective advantage. Alternate ways to satiate ATP demand – Creatinine kinase and Adenylate kinase

WARBURG AND BIOSYNTHESIS De novo generation of nucleotides, lipids, and proteins.  (^) Increased glucose uptake allows for greater synthesis of these reducing equivalents in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, which are then used in reductive biosynthesis. Regeneration of NAD+ from NADH in the pyruvate to lactate step that completes aerobic glycolysis. Anabolic pathways require increased expression of biosynthesis genes and the tradeoff occurs by limiting the use of mitochondria. Acetyl Co-A  Carbon source

WARBURG AND LACTATE

Gluconeogenesis

Lactic Acidosis – Tumor Microenvironment

Facilitates Invasion and Metastasis

Protects cells from Glucose deprivation

 Quiescent state at G0/G1 phase – G1/S transition inhibitor,

p

 Activate autophagy

 Inhibit Apoptosis - Akt

HERE WE GO AGAIN…

WHAT’S UP WITH THE SWITCH?

Oxidative Phosphorylation Aerobic Glycolysis