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Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023 Graded A+ (11pgs), Exams of Nursing

Dallas International University (DIU)Nursing

Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023 Graded A+ (11pgs)

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Available from 08/23/2023

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Walden University Advanced

Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023

Graded A+ (11pgs)

What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? - ANS: Individuals

with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in

inflammation that is believed to trigger depression

QUESTION A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What

substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this

anemia? - ANS: Erythropoietin

QUESTION What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? - ANS:

Periorbital edema

QUESTION A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding

does the healthcare provider associate with this condition? - ANS: Absence of sweating

despite a high core temperature

QUESTION Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the

passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? - ANS:

Abnormal uterine bleeding

QUESTION The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic

fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by

the professional is best? - ANS: A fracture that happens at the site of an abnormality

already in that bone.

QUESTION A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the

bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health

care professional prepare the patient for? - ANS: Reduction and immobilization

QUESTION Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - ANS: Excessive

mucus production

QUESTION Stroke Volume (SV) - ANS: measurement of the amount of blood ejected

from a ventricle in one contraction

QUESTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - ANS: disease of the central nervous system

characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers,

with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)

Partial preview of the text

Download Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023 Graded A+ (11pgs) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Walden University Advanced

Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023

Graded A+ (11pgs)

What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? - ANS: Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression QUESTION A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? - ANS: Erythropoietin QUESTION What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? - ANS: Periorbital edema QUESTION A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition? - ANS: Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature QUESTION Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? - ANS: Abnormal uterine bleeding QUESTION The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best? - ANS: A fracture that happens at the site of an abnormality already in that bone. QUESTION A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for? - ANS: Reduction and immobilization QUESTION Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - ANS: Excessive mucus production QUESTION Stroke Volume (SV) - ANS: measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction QUESTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - ANS: disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)

QUESTION Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - ANS: Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time QUESTION Myasthenia Gravis - ANS: autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles QUESTION Headaches - ANS: pain anywhere in the cranial cavity (a.k.a. cephalalgia) QUESTION Seizure Disorders - ANS: QUESTION Head Injury - ANS: QUESTION Spinal Cord Injury - ANS: the type of paralysis is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury QUESTION Inflammatory disease of the Musculoskeletal System - ANS: QUESTION Osteoporosis - ANS: A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. QUESTION Osteopenia - ANS: abnormal reduction of bone mass QUESTION Bursitis - ANS: inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction QUESTION Tendinitis - ANS: inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint QUESTION Gout - ANS: a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints QUESTION Lyme Disease - ANS: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. QUESTION Spondylosis - ANS: a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function QUESTION Fractures - ANS: a crack or break in a bone QUESTION Parkinson's - ANS: A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors. QUESTION Alzheimer's - ANS: A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. QUESTION Osteoblasts - ANS: Bone building cells

QUESTION Hemophilia - ANS: A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding QUESTION A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for? - ANS: Reduction and immobilization QUESTION Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - ANS: Excessive mucus production QUESTION An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the parents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit? - ANS: Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption QUESTION A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects? - ANS: Folate QUESTION A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? - ANS: Leptin QUESTION Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? - ANS: Infants are obligatory nose breathers. QUESTION A student studying osteomyelitis and asks for an explanation of the term sequestrum. What response by the professor is best? - ANS: An area of DE vascularized and devitalized bone QUESTION Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma? - ANS: An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation QUESTION A patient has a spinal cord injury at C4. What should the healthcare professional assess as the priority in this patient? - ANS: Respirations QUESTION Which cells function to maintain bone matrix? - ANS: Osteocytes QUESTION What is the effect of low plasma albumin? - ANS: Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium QUESTION Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? - ANS: IgE QUESTION Which mother does the healthcare professional prepare to administer Rh immune globulin (Rho-GAM) to? - ANS: Is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive

QUESTION A parent brings a 10-year-old child to the clinic and reports a mottled appearance to the skin and legs cramps when the child is in physical education class. Physical assessment positive for upper extremity hypertension. What diagnostic testing or treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the family for? - ANS: An echocardiogram QUESTION In order to help prevent a preadolescent girl from developing later cervical cancer, which virus does the healthcare professional recommend vaccination against to the parent? - ANS: Human papillomavirus (HPV) QUESTION Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? - ANS: Gate control theory (GCT) QUESTION A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? - ANS: Draw blood to measure total bilirubin QUESTION What causes the vasomotor flushes (hot flashes) that are associated with declining ovarian function with age? - ANS: Rapid changes in estrogen levels QUESTION In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core - ANS: Peripheral vasoconstriction QUESTION How does the epididymis become infected? - ANS: The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. QUESTION What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? - ANS: Firm, nontender testicular mass QUESTION A healthcare professional is discussing breast feeding with a pregnant woman. Which beneficial substance does the professional tell the mother is found in breast milk? - ANS: IgA QUESTION The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an exfoliative toxin related to which organism? - ANS: Staphylococcus aureus QUESTION A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to this patient? - ANS: Give the patient plenty of cool fluids to drink

QUESTION A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the healthcare professional is most appropriate for the suspected anemia? - ANS: Oral mucus membranes and tongue QUESTION A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student asks why this patient is at particular risk of developing a thromboembolism. What response by the healthcare professional is best? - ANS: Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations QUESTION A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? - ANS: Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs. QUESTION An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? - ANS: Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance QUESTION A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best? - ANS: Presence of red blood cells QUESTION A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate? - ANS: Your body cannot absorb vitamin B 12. QUESTION In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location? - ANS: Glomerulus basement membranes QUESTION A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? - ANS: Vitamin C QUESTION When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed? - ANS: At peak time of physical growth QUESTION Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells? - ANS: Natural killer (NK) cells QUESTION A patient has hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias. What condition does the healthcare professional prepare to teach the patient about? - ANS: Pernicious anemia

QUESTION How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall? - ANS: Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer QUESTION A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient's body temperature by convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this? - ANS: Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient. QUESTION A patient has primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and is hospitalized after a bleeding episode. What treatment does the healthcare provider anticipate being ordered for this patient? - ANS: Infusion of IVIG QUESTION A student reads in a chart that a child has been diagnosed with mixed precocious puberty and asks for an explanation. What explanation by the healthcare professional is most accurate? - ANS: What early puberty has signs of physical and hormonal abnormalities QUESTION A woman attempting to conceive tells the healthcare professional that she and her partner have intercourse when her basal body temperature (BBT) is around 37˚C (98˚F) without getting pregnant. What information does the professional give the woman? - ANS: Temperature alone is not the most accurate way to predict ovulation QUESTION A student reads in a chart that a baby was born with an encephalocele. The student asks the healthcare professional to explain this condition. What explanation by the healthcare professional is best? - ANS: A herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull QUESTION A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best? - ANS: It can lead to personalized approaches to treatment. QUESTION A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? - ANS: 30 years QUESTION The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best? - ANS: JIA predominantly affects large joints. QUESTION A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control? - ANS: Respiratory infection

symptoms are a result of which pathophysiologic condition? - ANS: Compression of the urethra QUESTION A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate? - ANS: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood QUESTION A child has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which medication does the healthcare professional teach the parents about? - ANS: Pancreatic enzymes QUESTION A woman diagnosed with trichomoniasis asks if her sexual partner should be treated as well. What is the appropriate response by the healthcare professional? - ANS: Sexual partners should be treated even if they are asymptomatic QUESTION A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What action by the professional would be best in working with this patient? - ANS: Provide speech therapy. QUESTION In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphilis? - ANS: Tertiary QUESTION What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? - ANS: Albumin QUESTION A baby is born with a myelomeningocele and needs urgent surgery to repair the defect. The parents want to take the baby home instead. What does the healthcare professional tell the parents about the purpose of this surgery? - ANS: 1cAdditional nervous system damage will occur the longer we wait 1b QUESTION A student asks the health care professional why obese people are at higher risk for hypertension than non-obese individuals. What response by the professional is best? - ANS: They produce more angiotensinogen. QUESTION In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by? - ANS: Physiologic delays in maturation QUESTION A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition? - ANS: Hyponatremia QUESTION A healthcare professional has educated a student on folic acid. Which statement by the student indicates that more teaching is needed? - ANS: Folic acid is stored in the liver.

QUESTION A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode? - ANS: Complex focal seizure QUESTION A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with severe anorexia. What action by the health care professional would be most important? - ANS: Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor QUESTION Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to have projectile vomiting for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on? - ANS: Corrective surgery QUESTION Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer? - ANS: Vaginal cancer QUESTION An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate? - ANS: One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine QUESTION Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what? - ANS: Pressure and obstruction QUESTION A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate? - ANS: You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. QUESTION A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for? - ANS: Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events QUESTION A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for? - ANS: Bulimia QUESTION What is the consequence of a splenectomy? - ANS: The number of defective cells in circulation increases QUESTION A patient is admitted to the hospital with multiple myeloma (MM). Which diagnostic test should the healthcare professional assess as the priority? - ANS: Serum calcium level

Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023 Graded A+ (11pgs), Exams of Nursing

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Partial preview of the text

Download Walden University Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023 Graded A+ (11pgs) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Walden University Advanced

Pathophysiology Final Exam 2023

Graded A+ (11pgs)