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Voltage Coefficient of CapacitorsVoltage Coefficient of Capacitors Comparison & Solutions

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Capacitor Technology Comparison

Unstable over VDC

Stable over VDC CapacitorType

Derating^

Advantage

Weakness

Voltage^

Temp^

Pros^

Cons

^ Non^ Polarized

^ L^ V lt

C^ ffi i

t^ & A i Unstable^ over

VDC

Stable^ over

VDC

Ceramic^

None^

None

^ Non‐Polarized ^ Small^ Size ^ Transient

Resistant ^ Low^ Cost

^ Large^ V

oltage^ Coefficient

&^ Aging (X7R,^ X5R,^ Y5V) ^ Limited

cap^ range ^ Short^ failure

mode^ ( Typ

^ Non‐Polarized

^ Large^ Size

Film^

None^

None^

^ Transient

Resistant ^ Stability:

Voltage^ &

Temp

g  Higher^ Cost  Limited^ Soldering

Heat

^ High^ Cap

&^ High^ VDC ^ Surge^ VDC

Resistant ^ S lf H^

li^

^ Polarized

Aluminum Electrolytic*

None^

None^

^ Self^ Healing ^ Open^ failure

mode^ (Typ) ^ Low^ Cost ^ Stability:

Voltage

^ Limited

Lifetime ^ Large^ Size

^ L^ Lif ti

^ Polarized

Tantalum Electrolytic

Yes^

Yes Long^ Lifetime  Small^ Sizes  Stability:^

Voltage^ &

Temp

^ Low^ VDC ^ Limited

surge^ resistance ^ Short^ failure

mode^ ( Typ

*****^ ‐^ Aluminum

Electrolytic

includes^ liquid

electrolyte,

hybrid^ construction

and^ solid^ polymer

types

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Voltage Coefficient

- X5R MLCC

4.7uF^ X5R 4V

&^ 6.3V^ Unstable

over^ VDC

^ X5R^ dielectric

is^ most^ popular

for^ high^ capacitance

(>1^ uF)^ MLCCs

in^ small^ sizes

^ 4V^ and

6.3V^ ratings

are^ common

today

^ Exhibit

large^ capacitance

value^ decrease

under^ applied

VDC^ …

^ 2VDC^

li d^

l i^ 35 45%

i^

l^ d

^ 2VDC^ applied

can^ result

in^35 ~45%

capacitance

value^ decrease

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Voltage Coefficient

- Y5V MLCC

1.0uF^ Y5V

1.40 1.

1.0uF^ Y5V

16VDC

0805 Size

MLCC

1.^

1.00 alue V

V 0.80 0.60 Capacitance z H

^ X7R,^ X5R

&^ Y5V^ are

not^ suggested

for^ use^ in^

circuit

applications

where^ stability

over^ voltage

(or^ time^ or

temperature)

are^ design

requirements

1KH 0.

Unstable^ over

VDC 0.24 0.^

0.^

0.20 0.00^0

1

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Applied^ Voltage

(^ VDC)

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Voltage Coefficient Comparison

100uF^ Comparison

Aluminum^

Electrolytic

Capacitor

Unstable^ over

VDC

y^ p

Ceramic^ MLCC

Capacitor

Stable^ over

VDC

-^ Class

II^ &^ III^ ( X7R,

X5R^ &^ Y5V

)^ MLCCs^ exhibit

large^ voltage

coefficient

-^ The graphs above show typical change in capacitance of Aluminum Electrolytic (

left ) and Ceramic

-^ The^ graphs

above^ show

typical^ change

in^ capacitance

of^ Aluminum

Electrolytic

( left )^ and

Ceramic

MLCC^ ( right

)^ with^ VDC

from^0 ~^

10VDC^ applied

-^ Bias^

greater^ than

1VDC^ results

in^ decrease

in^ capacitance

value^ on^

the^ MLCC.

(Your^ 100uF

will^ NOT^ be

100uF^ at^ its

rated^ working

voltage)

-^ Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

(NPC series shown)

exhibits minimal change in capacitance value with

Aluminum

Electrolytic

Capacitors

(NPC^ series

shown)^ exhibits

minimal^ change

in^ capacitance

value^ with

rated^ voltage

applied

^ Electrolytic

capacitors

are^ non‐ferroelectric

with^ a^ very

low^ dielectric

constant.^

Their^ capacitance

is

derived^ from

a^ very^ high

surface^ area

and^ nanometer

thick^ dielectric

layers.^ Their

capacitance

is^ not^ a

function^ of

applied^ voltage. f^

f^ pp^

g ‐^ Design^ Solutions

For^ DC^ Bias

In^ Multilayer

Ceramic^ Capacitors

(August^2010

Electronic^ Engineering

Times)^ www.NICcomp.com

Impedance (Z) Shift Due to Voltage Coefficient Comparison

100uF^ Comparison

p

Unstable^ over

VDC

Stable^ over

VDC Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor

Ceramic^ MLCC

Capacitor

No Change!

Aluminum^ Electrolytic

Capacitor^

No^ Change!

LargeChange!

-^ MLCCs

have^ lower

impedance

(Z)^ over^ Frequency

( See^ graph

at^ Right )

-^ But^ MLCC

impedance

(Z)^ is^ unstable

over^ VDC

bias

-^ With

10VDC^ bias

applied^ impedance

MLCC^ exhibits

up^ to^ 500KHz

frequency

shift

-^ Impedance

(Z)^ of^ Aluminum

Electrolytic

Capacitor

is^ very^ stable

( See^ graph

at^ Left )

-^ Aluminum

Electrolytic

Capacitor

NO^ CHANGE

in^ impedance

characteristics,

versus^ DC

Voltage^ www.NICcomp.com

SMT^ Ceramic

MLCC^ Capacitors

;^ TCs^ &^ Case

Sizes

SMT Capacitor Technology Offering^ Voltage

Rating(VDC)X7R100V^ 1210,

X7R 1812, 1210,^ 1812, 1825, 2220, 2225 1825, 2220, X7R 1210,^ 1812, 2225 2220,^2225 X7R^ X7R 2220 &^22252220

&^2225

X7R^ X7R

X7R

NSPHNSPH^ is^ newly

released

High^ Capacitance

SMT^ Film^ Chip

Capacitors

50V

X7R^ X7R 0805, 1206,^1210 1210,1812, 1825,^2220

X7R 1812, 1210,^ 1812, 1825, 2220 1825,^ X7R 1812, 1825, 2220 X7R 2220 1812, 1825,^2220 X7R^ X7R 22202220

35V

NSPH^1812

X7R 1210

NSPH^ ^ Advantage^2220^ NSPHNSPH

X5R^ ^ Advantage 1210^ NSPHNSPH

^ Advantage^ NSPHNSPH

X5R 1210

X7R^ X7R

X7R^

X7R^ X7R

NSPH

X7R^

^ Advantage

Please^ review^ to

assure^ NSPH meets^ circuit^ voltage

and^ current

0805, 25V 1206,^1210 1812,^2225

X7R^ X7R 2225 1206,^ 1210,

X7R 22251206 &^1210 X7R^ NSPH 12062220

X7R 1210 &^1812

g NSPHNSPH

X5R 0603 &^0805

X5R^ X5R 0805 &^12061206

X5R^ NSPH 1206 &^12101812

X5R^ NSPH 1206 &^12102220

Advantage ^ NSPHNSPH

16V

X7R 0603, 0805,^1206 1210,^1812

X7R^ X7R 1206 0805,^ 1206,

^ Advantage 1210^ NSPHNSPH

X7R^ NSPH 1206 &^12102220

NSPH^2220

X5R^ X5R

X5R^

X5R^ X5R

NSPH

X5R^

requirements X5R of^ circuit

0402,^ 0603,^0805

1206 0603,^ 0805,

1206 1206

0805,^ 1206,^1210

1812 0805,^ 1206,

1210

1206 &^1210

10V

X7R 0603, 0805,^1206 1210,^1812

X7R^ X7R 1206 0805,^ 1206,

1210

X7R 1206 &^1210

X5R 0402, 0603,^0805

X5R^ X5R 0402,^ 0603,^0805 0805,^1206

X5R 0603,0805 & 1206 , 1206, 1210

X5R 0805, 1206,^1210

X5R 1206 &^1210

X7R^ X7R

X7R

6.3V

0805 0805

1206

X5R 0402, 0603,^0805

X5R^ X5R 0402 0603,^ 0805,

X5R 0402, 0603,0805 1206 , 1206,^1210 X5R^ X5R 1206 0805,^ 1206,

1210

X5R^ X5R 0603, 0805,^12061206

X5R & 12101210

4V^

X5R 0603

X5R 1206

1.0uF^ 1.5uF

2.2uF^

3.3uF^ 4.7uF

6.8uF^

10uF^ 15uF

22uF^

47uF^ 100uF

Capacitance^ Value

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|^ Page^10

Summary

Summary: ^ Class

II^ &^ II^ (X7R,

X5R^ &^ Y5V)

MLCCs^ will

exhibit^

large^ voltage

coefficient

(capacitance

value

decreased

with^ applied

VDC)

^ Impedance

characteristics

shift^ over

VDC^ is^ common

with^ high

capacitance

MLCCs

^ For^ stability

over^ VDC,

look^ to^

electrolytic

(aluminum

or^ tantalum)

or^ film^ capacitors

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