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Variation of capacitor value over VDC (difference between thoeric and real capacitance!)
Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research
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Capacitor Technology Comparison
Unstable over VDC
Stable over VDC CapacitorType
Derating^
Advantage
Weakness
Voltage^
Temp^
Pros^
Cons
^ Non^ Polarized
^ L^ V lt
C^ ffi i
t^ & A i Unstable^ over
VDC
Stable^ over
VDC
Ceramic^
None^
None
^ Non‐Polarized ^ Small^ Size ^ Transient
Resistant ^ Low^ Cost
^ Large^ V
oltage^ Coefficient
&^ Aging (X7R,^ X5R,^ Y5V) ^ Limited
cap^ range ^ Short^ failure
mode^ ( Typ
^ Non‐Polarized
^ Large^ Size
Film^
None^
None^
^ Transient
Resistant ^ Stability:
Voltage^ &
Temp
g Higher^ Cost Limited^ Soldering
Heat
^ High^ Cap
&^ High^ VDC ^ Surge^ VDC
Resistant ^ S lf H^
li^
^ Polarized
Aluminum Electrolytic*
None^
None^
^ Self^ Healing ^ Open^ failure
mode^ (Typ) ^ Low^ Cost ^ Stability:
Voltage
^ Limited
Lifetime ^ Large^ Size
^ L^ Lif ti
^ Polarized
Tantalum Electrolytic
Yes^
Yes Long^ Lifetime Small^ Sizes Stability:^
Voltage^ &
Temp
^ Low^ VDC ^ Limited
surge^ resistance ^ Short^ failure
mode^ ( Typ
*****^ ‐^ Aluminum
Electrolytic
includes^ liquid
electrolyte,
hybrid^ construction
and^ solid^ polymer
types
www.NICcomp.com
Voltage Coefficient
- X5R MLCC
4.7uF^ X5R 4V
&^ 6.3V^ Unstable
over^ VDC
is^ most^ popular
for^ high^ capacitance
(>1^ uF)^ MLCCs
in^ small^ sizes
^ 4V^ and
6.3V^ ratings
are^ common
today
^ Exhibit
large^ capacitance
value^ decrease
under^ applied
li d^
l i^ 35 45%
i^
l^ d
^ 2VDC^ applied
can^ result
in^35 ~45%
capacitance
value^ decrease
www.NICcomp.com
Voltage Coefficient
- Y5V MLCC
1.0uF^ Y5V
1.40 1.
1.0uF^ Y5V
16VDC
0805 Size
MLCC
1.^
1.00 alue V
V 0.80 0.60 Capacitance z H
&^ Y5V^ are
not^ suggested
for^ use^ in^
circuit
applications
where^ stability
over^ voltage
(or^ time^ or
temperature)
are^ design
requirements
1KH 0.
Unstable^ over
VDC 0.24 0.^
0.^
0.20 0.00^0
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Applied^ Voltage
(^ VDC)
www.NICcomp.com
Voltage Coefficient Comparison
100uF^ Comparison
Aluminum^
Electrolytic
Capacitor
Unstable^ over
VDC
y^ p
Ceramic^ MLCC
Capacitor
Stable^ over
VDC
-^ Class
-^ The graphs above show typical change in capacitance of Aluminum Electrolytic (
-^ The^ graphs
-^ Bias^
(Your^ 100uF
will^ NOT^ be
100uF^ at^ its
rated^ working
voltage)
-^ Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
(NPC series shown)
(NPC^ series
capacitors
are^ non‐ferroelectric
with^ a^ very
low^ dielectric
constant.^
Their^ capacitance
is
derived^ from
a^ very^ high
surface^ area
and^ nanometer
thick^ dielectric
layers.^ Their
capacitance
is^ not^ a
function^ of
applied^ voltage. f^
f^ pp^
g ‐^ Design^ Solutions
For^ DC^ Bias
In^ Multilayer
Ceramic^ Capacitors
(August^2010
Electronic^ Engineering
Times)^ www.NICcomp.com
Impedance (Z) Shift Due to Voltage Coefficient Comparison
100uF^ Comparison
p
Unstable^ over
VDC
Stable^ over
VDC Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
Ceramic^ MLCC
Capacitor
No Change!
Aluminum^ Electrolytic
Capacitor^
No^ Change!
LargeChange!
-^ MLCCs
( See^ graph
at^ Right )
-^ But^ MLCC
-^ With
-^ Impedance
( See^ graph
at^ Left )
-^ Aluminum
SMT Capacitor Technology Offering^ Voltage
Rating(VDC)X7R100V^ 1210,
X7R 1812, 1210,^ 1812, 1825, 2220, 2225 1825, 2220, X7R 1210,^ 1812, 2225 2220,^2225 X7R^ X7R 2220 &^22252220
&^2225
X7R^ X7R
X7R
High^ Capacitance
SMT^ Film^ Chip
Capacitors
50V
X7R^ X7R 0805, 1206,^1210 1210,1812, 1825,^2220
X7R 1812, 1210,^ 1812, 1825, 2220 1825,^ X7R 1812, 1825, 2220 X7R 2220 1812, 1825,^2220 X7R^ X7R 22202220
35V
NSPH^1812
X7R 1210
NSPH^ ^ Advantage^2220^ NSPHNSPH
X5R^ ^ Advantage 1210^ NSPHNSPH
^ Advantage^ NSPHNSPH
X5R 1210
X7R^ X7R
X7R^
X7R^ X7R
NSPH
X7R^
^ Advantage
Please^ review^ to
assure^ NSPH meets^ circuit^ voltage
and^ current
0805, 25V 1206,^1210 1812,^2225
X7R^ X7R 2225 1206,^ 1210,
X7R 22251206 &^1210 X7R^ NSPH 12062220
X7R 1210 &^1812
g NSPHNSPH
X5R 0603 &^0805
X5R^ X5R 0805 &^12061206
X5R^ NSPH 1206 &^12101812
X5R^ NSPH 1206 &^12102220
Advantage ^ NSPHNSPH
16V
X7R 0603, 0805,^1206 1210,^1812
X7R^ X7R 1206 0805,^ 1206,
^ Advantage 1210^ NSPHNSPH
X7R^ NSPH 1206 &^12102220
NSPH^2220
X5R^ X5R
X5R^
X5R^ X5R
NSPH
X5R^
requirements X5R of^ circuit
0402,^ 0603,^0805
1206 0603,^ 0805,
1206 1206
0805,^ 1206,^1210
1812 0805,^ 1206,
1210
1206 &^1210
10V
X7R 0603, 0805,^1206 1210,^1812
X7R^ X7R 1206 0805,^ 1206,
1210
X7R 1206 &^1210
X5R 0402, 0603,^0805
X5R^ X5R 0402,^ 0603,^0805 0805,^1206
X5R 0603,0805 & 1206 , 1206, 1210
X5R 0805, 1206,^1210
X5R 1206 &^1210
X7R^ X7R
X7R
6.3V
0805 0805
1206
X5R 0402, 0603,^0805
X5R^ X5R 0402 0603,^ 0805,
X5R 0402, 0603,0805 1206 , 1206,^1210 X5R^ X5R 1206 0805,^ 1206,
1210
X5R^ X5R 0603, 0805,^12061206
X5R & 12101210
4V^
X5R 0603
X5R 1206
1.0uF^ 1.5uF
2.2uF^
3.3uF^ 4.7uF
6.8uF^
10uF^ 15uF
22uF^
47uF^ 100uF
Capacitance^ Value
www.NICcomp.com
|^ Page^10
Summary
Summary: ^ Class
(capacitance
value
decreased
with^ applied
VDC)
(aluminum
or^ tantalum)
www.NICcomp.com