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Definitions for various key terms related to information systems, including accounting systems, batch processing, best practices, e-commerce, enterprise systems, and transaction processing. It covers concepts such as business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-commerce, certificate authorities, customer relationship management, cybermalls, data collection and correction, and secure sockets layer.
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Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 5- 1
Accounting systems —systems that include budget, accounts receivable, payroll, asset management, and general ledger. Batch processing system —method of computerized processing in which business transactions are accumulated over a period of time and prepared for processing as a single unit or batch. Best practices —the most efficient and effective ways to complete a business process. Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce— a subset of e-commerce where all the participants are organizations. Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce —a form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with an organization and avoid intermediaries. Certificate authority (CA) —a trusted third-party organization or company that issues digital certificates. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce— a subset of e-commerce that involves consumers selling directly to other consumers. Customer relationship management (CRM) system —a system that helps a company manage all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing and advertising, sales, customer service after the sale, and programs to retain loyal customers. Cybermall —a single Web site that offers many products and services at one Internet location. Data collection —the process of capturing and gathering all data necessary to complete transactions. Data correction —the process of reentering data that was not typed or scanned properly. Data editing —the process of checking data for validity and completeness. Data manipulation —the process of performing calculations and other data transformations related to business transactions. Data storage —the process of updating one or more databases with new transactions. Digital certificate— an attachment to an e-mail message or data embedded in a Web site that verifies the identity of a sender or Web site. Disaster recovery plan (DRP) —a formal plan describing the actions that must be taken to restore computer operations and services in the event of a disaster. Document production —the process of generating output records and reports. Dynamic Web pages —Web pages containing variable information that are built to respond to a specific Web visitor’s request. eGovernment —the use of information and communications technology to simplify the sharing of information, speed formerly paper-based processes, and improve the relationship between citizen and government. Electronic bill presentment —a method of billing whereby a vendor posts an image of your statement on the Internet and alerts you by e-mail that your bill has arrived. Electronic cash —an amount of money that is computerized, stored, and used as cash for e-commerce transactions. Electronic commerce —conducting business activities (e.g., distribution, buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services) electronically over computer networks such as the Internet, extranets, and corporate networks. Electronic exchange —an electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations. Electronic retailing (e-tailing) —the direct sale from business to consumer through electronic storefronts, typically designed around an electronic catalog and shopping cart model. Enterprise system —a system central to the organization that ensures information can be shared across all business functions and all levels of management to support the running and managing of a business. Market segmentation —the identification of specific markets to target with advertising messages.
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 5- 2 Online transaction processing (OLTP) —computerized processing in which each transaction is processed immediately, without the delay of accumulating transactions into a batch. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) —a communications protocol that is used to secure sensitive data during e- commerce. Smart card —a credit card-sized device with an embedded microchip to provide electronic memory and processing capability. Static Web pages —Web pages that always contain the same information. Technology-enabled relationship management —the use of detailed information about a customer’s behavior, preferences, needs, and buying patterns to set prices, negotiate terms, tailor promotions, add product features, and otherwise customize the entire relationship with that customer. Transaction processing cycle —the process of data collection, data editing, data correction, data manipulation, data storage, and document production. Transaction processing system audit —a check of a firm’s TPS systems to prevent accounting irregularities and/or loss of data privacy. Web page construction software —software that uses Web editors and extensions to produce both static and dynamic Web pages. Web services —software modules supporting specific business processes that users can interact with over a network (such as the Internet) on an as-needed basis. Web site development tools —tools used to develop a Web site, including HTML or visual Web page editor, software development kits, and Web page upload support.