Download Virginia Commercial Pesticide Applicators CORE exam Questions And Answers and more Exams Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!
CORE exam Questions And Answers
Explain the difference between key pests, occasional pests and secondary pests - correct answer Key pests are nearly always present and require regular control. occasional pests are migratory or cyclical and require intermittent control. secondary pests require control only under certain conditions, such as the elimination of a key pest or the absence of a natural host. what should you do first if you see damage to a plant, animal, or valuable product/ - correct answer identify the cause what should you do first if you discover a pest that may need to be controlled? - correct answer make sure the pest is actually responsible for the damage. then accurately identify the pest how can pest identification help you develop a good pest control strategy? - correct answer it allows you to determine basic information about the pest, including its life-cycle and when it is most susceptible to control measures. name the 5 basic pest groups - correct answer weeds, parasites and diseases, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. why do weeds present such a challenge to pest managers? - correct answer weeds are often hardy, aggressive, and tolerant of harsh
CORE exam Questions And Answers
conditions. many produce large numbers of seeds which can spread over a wide area and remain dormant for a long time. how can you tell a monocot from a dicot? - correct answer monocots (sedges and grasses) have one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 3 and fibrous roots. Dicots have 2 cotyledons, broad leaves with netted veination, and flower parts in multiples of 4 and 5 and usually have taproots. name the pathogens that cause most plant and animal diseases - correct answer fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma, and viruses what are the symptoms of viral plant diseases - correct answer stunting, yellow rings on leaves, wilting, and mosaic patterns how do plant parasitic nematodes harm plants? - correct answer by attacking the roots, stems and leaves. nematode root feeding interferes with a plants ability to take up water and nutrients. infected plants wilt and seem to be suffering from a lack of water or nutrients. how do mollusks harm plants? - correct answer by feeding on foliage and fruit. mollusks reduce the value of commercial produce if they feed on harvested plants and fruit.
CORE exam Questions And Answers
what is an economic threshold? - correct answer the level at which economic losses caused by pest damage, if the pest population continued to grow, would be greater than the cost of controlling the pests. reaching an economic threshold usually prompts some kind of pest control action. how are thresholds important to a sound pest control strategy? - correct answer setting a treatment or action threshold is essential to prevent the pests in an area from causing unacceptable injury or harm. action thresholds vary: sometimes one pest is too many (like a rat in a food processing facility). Thresholds help producers and applicators weigh the cost of pest control against the cost of a pest infestation what is monitoring and how is it important to a sound pest control strategy? - correct answer regular checking or scouting for pests in a designated area. Monitoring will tell you what pests are in an area, how many are in the area, and how much damage they are causing. it will help determine if the pest population has reached the treatment threshold and whether control measures have worked. what is the difference between prevention, suppression and eradication of a pest? - correct answer prevention means reducing the chances that a pest will become a problem. suppression means reducing pest numbers or damage to an acceptable level. Eradication means destroying an entire pest population.
CORE exam Questions And Answers
how could you prevent a pest infestation? - correct answer plant weed- and disease- free seed, choose plants resistant to diseases and insects, and practice good sanitation. other preventative techniques include excluding pests from the target area and using pre-emergent herbicides to kill weed seeds. briefly define IPM - correct answer Integrated Pest Management is an ecological approach to pest control. it is based on the habitat and life- cycle of the pest. IPM combines chemical and nonchemical methods into a single plan or strategy. the goal of an IPM program is to reduce pest populations to an acceptable level in a way that is practical, cost- effective, and safe for the environment as well as human health. Give several reasons to use IPM rather than using only a pesticide. - correct answer IPM programs:
- often ensure better success at the treatment site
- promote a more balanced ecosystem and are more environmentally friendly
- are less likely to lead to pesticide resistance and secondary pest outbreaks
- may reduce pesticide use and can help protect beneficial insects
- are often more acceptable to the public.
CORE exam Questions And Answers
what is biological control? - correct answer the use of living organisms to control pests. these may be natural enemies or biologically altering the pest (releasing sterile males into pest population) what is cultural control? - correct answer changing the habitat where the pest flourishes. ex. cultural practices and sanitation name at least 6 cultural practices used to manage pests - correct answer pruning, thinning and fertilization rotating crops tillage mulching varying time of planting or harvest trap crops adjusting row width what is sanitation? - correct answer use of hygiene practices to manage pests. what type of mechanical methods could you use to control weeds? - correct answer weed eaters, shovels, scythes, plows, disks, and mowers
CORE exam Questions And Answers
what is physical control and how can it be used to manage certain pests? - correct answer changing certain environmental conditions such as water, air movement, temperature, light and humidity. such changes can control or even eradicate pests. name 5 important qualities to consider when choosing a pesticide. - correct answer efficacy, persistence, mobility, toxicity, and mode of action what is the difference between selective and non selective herbicides? - correct answer a selective herbicide controls some plants and not others (ex. sethoxydim only controls grasses and not broadleaf) non selective controls all types of plants. what is the difference between residual and non residual pesticides? - correct answer nonresidual pesticides break down quickly into nontoxic by-products. a residual pesticide may remain active for weeks, months, or even years define pesticide resistance - correct answer the ability of a pest population that is repeatedly exposed to a given pesticide to resist and survive its effects. an insect population, for example, often has "abnormal" members that can tolerate exposure to insecticide doses that kill "normal" members. Each time the same MOA is used, the
CORE exam Questions And Answers
when and why may a pesticide product be registered for a special local need SLN? - correct answer if a manufacturer wants to register a pesticide for use only on a regional crop or to manage a localized pest problem. SLN registrations allow states to expand or limit the uses of federally registered pesticides within their jurisdictions. what is a federal Section 3 registration? - correct answer an EPA registered product with a label reviewed and approved by that federal agency. Most pesticides are registered this way. these have an EPA registration number true or false: ALL pesticide products must be registered with EPA. This agency reviews the labels of ALL pesticide products sold in the US - correct answer False. Minimum risk pesticides are exempt from the federal registration process. under what conditions may a pesticide be labeled "minimum risk" and thus be exempt form federal regulations? how do labels of minimum- risk Section 25(b) products differ from those that are EPA registered (section 3)? - correct answer EPA has produced a list of minimal risk active and inert ingredients. to be exempt, all of the active and inert ingredients in a pesticide product must be on this list.
CORE exam Questions And Answers
are minimum risk products exempt from Virginia's state registration requirements? - correct answer no. all pesticides that are sold or used in the Commonwealth of Virginia must be registered with VDACS office of pesticide services. what are emergency (section 18) exemptions> - correct answer responses to pest problems for which no pesticides are registered. section 18 exemptions allow the sale and use of a certain pesticide for a specific nonregistered purpose for a specified period. the four types of emergency exemptions are: specific, quarantine, public health, and crisis. what is a restricted use pesticide? - correct answer RUPs are pesticides that require special care and handling. the restricted use designation limits the use of a pesticide product. RUPs are for sale only to properly certified applicators. only trained persons, or people under their direct supervision, may handle and apply RUPs. EPA classifies pesticides RUPs for different reasons. Some are highly toxic to humans. others may cause long-term health effects. still others are restricted because of an environmental effect such as ground water pollution. what is the difference between the chemical name, common name, and trade name? which is the most accurate identify the active ingredient? -
CORE exam Questions And Answers
diluting, storage, and disposal. you may not use higher doses or more frequently than the label allows. also, you must wear the required PPE. if you transfer a pesticide (concentrate or diluted) into another container, do you have to label the secondary container? - correct answer YES! what is FIFRA - correct answer Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947. FIFRA regulates the registration, manufacture, sale, transportation, and use of pesticides. it specifies how they must be registered and used, the required training and certification of applicators, and the classification of RUPs when and why might you use a MSDS for a pesticide product? - correct answer to get technical information about the environmental and human health effects of a pesticide product. you could also consult an msds to find out how to respond to an accident or incident what is a pesticide formulation? - correct answer the mixture of active ingredient and inert ingredients that forms an end-use pesticide product. a formulated pesticide will contain both an active ingredient to control the target pest and a carrier or diluent. many also contain adjuvants and other ingredients such as stabilizers or dyes.
CORE exam Questions And Answers
what is the difference between active and inert ingredients? - correct answer active ingredients are the chemicals that control the pests what is the term used to describe a mixture formed by dispersing solid particles in a liquid? - correct answer suspension. suspensions contain fine solid particles, which do not dissolve in the liquid carrier. these must be agitated to maintain even particle distribution. what is the term used for a mixture made by suspending droplets of one liquid in another? - correct answer Emulsion: each ingredient retains its unique properties and identity. emulsions have a milky appearance. (E or EC) what is the difference between a solution and a suspension? how can you tell one from another? - correct answer a solution is the result of dissolving a substance into a liquid. homogeneous and can not be filtered out. look clear a suspension can be filtered and looks opaque what formulation is a concentrate that may approach 100% a i? - correct answer ultra-low volume (ULV) these concentrates are designed to be used as is or diluted with only a small quantities of solvents
CORE exam Questions And Answers
name at least one advantage and one disadvantage of ready-to-use (RTU) formulations. - correct answer adv: convenience- no measuring or pouring dis: high cost/unit of ai name at least one advantage and one disadvantage of concentrate solution (C, LC, or WSC/WSL) formulations. - correct answer adv: do not clog hoses or nozzles dis: easily absorbed through skin which dry formulation consists of particles that are more or less uniform in size, shape, and weight - correct answer pellet wettable powders are widely used pesticide formulations. why? - correct answer many advantages:
- effective for most pest problems and in most types of spray equipment
- excellent residual activity
- easy to store, transport, and handle
- less likely than ECs to harm treated plants/animals
- usually not phytotoxic
- pose less risk of skin and eye absorption
CORE exam Questions And Answers
name at least 2 disadvantages of WPs - correct answer 1. not easy to measure
- inhalation hazard to applicator while mixing and measuring what is the term for a wettable powder formulation that has been compressed into granule-sized particles? - correct answer Dry flowable (DF) or water-dispersible granule (WDG) what is the general term for a pesticide AI formulated with food or another attractive substance? - correct answer bait` what are fumigants? why are they dangerous? - correct answer pesticides that form poisonous gasses when applied. they are toxic to a wide range of pests and can be used at many different sites. they are highly toxic to humans and all other organisms. high inhalation exposure risk why must pesticides be compatible if they are tank mixed? - correct answer because a mixture that is not compatible may be unusable, unsafe, or ineffective. incompatibility occurs when one component within a tank mix reacts with or adversely affects another. how do you know if 2 pesticides can be safely tank mixed? - correct answer read the label. if not in the label, mix a small amount in a jar and look for incompatibility signs
CORE exam Questions And Answers
Nonpoint source pollution comes from a wider area. ex. the movement of pesticides into streams after a broadcast application. List three ways in which pesticides can move off site. - correct answer
- in air- wind or air currents
- water- runoff or leaching
- objects- soil, plants, animals, humans how do illegal pesticide residues often occur? - correct answer too much pesticide is applied the PHI is ignored move off site and contaminate plants or animals nearby sprayed off-labeled, on a site not permitted by the label which factors influence whether a pesticide will drift? - correct answer the weight and density of dry particle applied whether adjuvants were used in liquid sprays whether the pesticide tends to form vapors how can volatility contribute to drift? - correct answer in vapor form, a pesticide can move great distances and injure sensitive plants and animals. volatility may also contribute to illegal residues
CORE exam Questions And Answers
what application factors influence pesticide drift? - correct answer droplet or particle size height and direction of release both determined by applicator decisions what weather factors influence pesticide drift? - correct answer strong winds or gusts low RH high temps temp inversions explain how the solubility, adsorption, and persistence of a pesticide affect its ability to move offsite in water - correct answer -solubility- some pesticides dissolve easily in water -adsorption- some pesticides become tightly attached to soil particles. they will move with eroded soil. -persistence- some pesticides break down slowly and remain in the environment for a long time.
