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Violence : The Enduring Problem 3rd Edition (Test Bank) Chapter 2: Explaining Violence, Exams of Criminology

Ryerson UniversityCriminology

By Alex Alvarez & Ronet Bachman Multiple Choice, True/False, Short Essay Questions

Typology: Exams

2017/2018
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Chapter 2: Explaining Violence
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Given that most violence is perpetrated by males, some have suggested that male aggression is linked
with levels of ______.
a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. steroids
d. progesterone
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: knowledge
Difficulty Level: easy
2. ______ seek to understand violent behavior in terms of personality, character, and mental disorder.
a. sociological perspectives
b. psychological perspectives
c. physical perspecitve
d. brain dysfunction perspectives
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: knowledge
Difficulty Level: easy
3. Those who have ______ are often characterized as being very narcissistic, reckless, and emotionally
shallow.
a. PTSD
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. eating disorders
d. none of the above
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: knowledge
Difficulty Level: easy
4. Some biologists/criminologists suggest that violence can be linked with ______.
a. mesomorphic
b. endomorphic
c. brain injuries from combat or a violent experience
d. metamorphic
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: knowledge
Difficulty Level: easy
5. Which of the following tends to have the highest levels of testosterone?
a. high level violent inmates
b. high level nonviolent inmates
c. winning athletes
d. losing athletes
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: knowledge
Difficulty Level: easy
nstructor Resource
Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3rd Edition
SAGE Publishing, 2017
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Chapter 2: Explaining Violence

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

  1. Given that most violence is perpetrated by males, some have suggested that male aggression is linked with levels of ______. a. testosterone b. estrogen c. steroids d. progesterone Ans: A Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  2. ______ seek to understand violent behavior in terms of personality, character, and mental disorder. a. sociological perspectives b. psychological perspectives c. physical perspecitve d. brain dysfunction perspectives Ans: B Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  3. Those who have ______ are often characterized as being very narcissistic, reckless, and emotionally shallow. a. PTSD b. antisocial personality disorder c. eating disorders d. none of the above Ans: B Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  4. Some biologists/criminologists suggest that violence can be linked with ______. a. mesomorphic b. endomorphic c. brain injuries from combat or a violent experience d. metamorphic Ans: C Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  5. Which of the following tends to have the highest levels of testosterone? a. high level violent inmates b. high level nonviolent inmates c. winning athletes d. losing athletes Ans: C Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017

  1. An argument made by a number of criminologists but popularized by John DiIulio suggests that our society was home to a new breed of violent offender known as ______? a. pathological lier b. sadism c. violent offenders d. superpredators Ans: D Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  2. As the name implies, the ______ hypothesis contends that violence is one possible response for individuals who feel frustrated and thwarted in achieving something. a. stress b. economic deprivation c. social deprivation d. frustration-aggression Ans: D Cognitive Domain: medium Difficulty Level: knowledge
  3. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the following factors increases the likelihood of a violent reaction? a. the frustration was unintentionally caused b. the hindrance was perceived as being fair c. the presence of aggressive stimuli such as aggressive music d. the presence of an audience Ans: C Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  4. It is not absolute poverty that is associated with criminality and violence, but rather inequality. This is sometimes referred to as ______? a. shame b. strain theory c. anomie d. economic deprivation Ans: d Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: medium
  5. Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld developed what they call an _____ of crime that links crime to the existing social structure. Specifically, they suggest that the high rates of crime and violence found in U.S. society can, in part, be explained with reference to the notion of the “American Dream,” which suggests that economic success can be achieved by anyone who works hard, plays by the rules, and is willing to engage in competition with others for jobs, income, and status. a. code of the streets b. general strain theory c. strain theory d. institutional-anomie theory e. none of the above Ans: D Cognitive Domain: application Difficulty Level: medium

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017

Ans: A Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: medium

  1. Signaling theory, which suggests that criminals communicate through a wide variety of signals and signs that convey to others their credentials, their toughness, and their willingness to engage in violent and criminal activities, was suggested by whom? a. Edwin Sutherland b. Elijah Anderson c. Diego Gambetta d. Robert Agnew Ans: C Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: medium
  2. Robert Merton's theory is often referred to as the theory of differential ______. a. opportunity b. ambition c. poverty d. association Ans: A Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  3. General theory of crime based on the notion that individual criminality is the result of? a. social learning b. low self-control c. family genetics d. body composition Ans: B Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  4. Deindividuation, a phenomenon that facilitates violence in a group setting, is actually based on the classic work of ______. a. Gustave Le Bon b. Edwin Sutherland c. Solomon Asch d. Robert Sampson Ans: A Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy

True/False

  1. The idea that it is easier to remove ethical restrictions against violence when we perceive the victims to be less than us or perhaps even less than human is known as disenagement. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: medium
  2. Edwin Sutherland articulated the general theory of crime based on the notion that individual criminality is the result of low self-control. Ans: F

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017

Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy

  1. The intergenerational transmission of violence theory is also known as the cycle of violence theory. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  2. Differential association theory was developed by Thomas Edison in 1940 and was one of the first individuals to suggest criminality and violence were not aberrations but were simply learned behaviors like all other behaviors. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  3. Merton believed that a state of “anomie” would result when individuals lived under conditions where legitimate means were not available to achieve societal goals. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  4. James Gilligan suggests that the linkage between poverty and violence is caused by one specific factor: social learning. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: medium
  5. The theory that beings poor and living within a relatively affluent community is a much more negative experience than being poor and living within a poor community is referred to as relative deprivation. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy
  6. Serotonin is a substance that helps relay messages over the gap between the nerve cells and allows them to proceed. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: knowledge Difficulty Level: easy

Short Answer/Essay

  1. Because there is no single theory alone that can explain violence, we must look at a variety of theories, each of which can help us understand a portion of the puzzle that is human violence. In Chapter 2, you learned about ethological and biological explanations of violence along with sociological explanations of violence. Choose one of these explanations, and discuss the concept behind the theory. How does the theory you have choosen help explain and understand violence? Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard
  2. Define antisocial personality disorder (APD) as it relates to violence. What characteristics could be associated with APD? Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level:Medium

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017