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Violence : The Enduring Problem 3rd Edition (Test Bank) Chapter 1: As American As Pie, Exams of Criminology

Ryerson UniversityCriminology

By: Alex Alvarez & Bachman Multiple Choice, True/False, Short Essay Questions

Typology: Exams

2017/2018
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Chapter 1: As American as Apple Pie
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The video of football player Ray Rice knocking his fiancé out with one punch in an elevator is an
example of ______.
a. people engaging in violence in multiple spheres of their lives
b. how violent all football players are
c. provoked and justified violence
d. an outlet to relieve stress
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The sociologist Jack Katz argues that many perpetrators see their violence as a form of ______.
a. self help
b. righteous slaughter
c. divine vengeance
d. homicidal rage
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The suggestion that legitimate forms of violence influence illegitimate forms of violence is known as the
______.
a. multiple spheres theory
b. influence theory
c. legitimation theory
d. spillover theory
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Which of the following is not a necessary element that needs to be considered when formulating a
definition of violence?
a. the intent of the participants
b. the causes of and motivations and justifications for the behavior
c. the legality of the act
d. the degree and type of injury
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Our understanding of violence is highly situational and contingent, meaning the context is extremely
important in helping shape our understanding of and reaction to violent acts and actors. Which of the
following is not one of the factors that helps shape our context of violence?
a. the victim
b. the offender
c. the location of the violence
d. the timing of the violence (time of day, season, etc.)
Ans: D
nstructor Resource
Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3rd Edition
SAGE Publishing, 2017
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Chapter 1: As American as Apple Pie

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

  1. The video of football player Ray Rice knocking his fiancé out with one punch in an elevator is an example of ______. a. people engaging in violence in multiple spheres of their lives b. how violent all football players are c. provoked and justified violence d. an outlet to relieve stress Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  2. The sociologist Jack Katz argues that many perpetrators see their violence as a form of ______. a. self help b. righteous slaughter c. divine vengeance d. homicidal rage Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Easy
  3. The suggestion that legitimate forms of violence influence illegitimate forms of violence is known as the ______. a. multiple spheres theory b. influence theory c. legitimation theory d. spillover theory Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  4. Which of the following is not a necessary element that needs to be considered when formulating a definition of violence? a. the intent of the participants b. the causes of and motivations and justifications for the behavior c. the legality of the act d. the degree and type of injury Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  5. Our understanding of violence is highly situational and contingent, meaning the context is extremely important in helping shape our understanding of and reaction to violent acts and actors. Which of the following is not one of the factors that helps shape our context of violence? a. the victim b. the offender c. the location of the violence d. the timing of the violence (time of day, season, etc.) Ans: D

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium

  1. How is the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) different from the the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)? a. Reports are based on voluntary participation of law enforcement agencies. b. Information about both the victim and the offender are collected for homicides. c. It includes detailed information on crime incidents, including the characteristics of the victim, such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, and resident status. d. Only state law enforcement agencies participate in reporting. Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  2. The NCVS distinguishes the number of victimizations as ______. a. the same as the number of incidents. b. the number of crimes reported to the police. c. the number of acts committed against respondents and others present during an incident d. how many victimization acts were experienced by survey respondents Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  3. Researchers interested in offending behavior will extract the most accurate information from which data collection methodology? a. focus groups b. survey methodology c. official crime reports d. courtroom observations Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Medium
  4. Violent crimes in the United States ________ in the early 1990s and have _______ since that time. a. peaked; have generally declined b. peaked; continued to climb c. dropped; risen sharply d. dropped; risen at a slow rate Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  5. Enjoying violent video and computer games or watching violent sporting events ______. a. leads to psychopathic tendencies b. is an example of experiencing victimization vicariously c. is becoming less common d. makes one more vulnerable to direct victimization Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer/Essay

  1. Explain why defining violence is so difficult. Ans:
    • Our understanding of its nature is so subjective and varied
    • People perceive and understand violence in their own way, based on their individual history, and the context of their life
    • Violence encompasses many different kinds of behaviors in many different kinds of situations.
    • Many people only use the term in reference to physical acts of aggression and harm, while others include emotional or psychological acts as well.
    • It is important to consider that an action may not be violent in and of itself, but the consequences of the action may be violent.
    • For some, violence refers solely to human-perpetrated acts, while others include destructive natural forces.
    • Perceived accidental acts versus intentional acts of harm affect whether actions are defined as violence.
    • Perceived legitimacy of aggressive acts also affects whether they are defined as violence. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  2. Provide two different scenarios and explain the circumstances where the actions could be perceived as violent behavior versus nonviolent behavior. Explain what contributes to the difference in the violent versus nonviolent perception of the scenario. Ans: Scenario 1: An individual getting hit by a car
    • Is the act unintentional by the driver or intentional?
    • Was the driver following all traffic laws versus speeding or driving while distracted/under the influence?
    • Was the driver a “model citizen” or someone with a criminal history? Scenario 2: An individual shoots another
    • What is the circumstance? Self-defense? During the commission of a crime? Accidental?
    • Is the act unintentional or intentional?
    • Was the shooter acting carelessly? Purposefully?
    • Was the shooter a “model citizen” or someone with a criminal history?
    • Was the victim a criminal? Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Medium to Difficulty
  3. Explain how all violence is bound into what is called the "unity of human aggression." Ans:
    • All violence is connected by a web of actions and behaviors, ideas, perceptions, and justifications.
    • Violent acts share a number of essential characteristics that bind them together.
    • Perpetrators rely on similar arguments justifying their violence.
    • Violence is usually perpetrated for the same kinds of reasons.
    • Violence is justified and provoked, not unfounded aggression. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017

Difficulty Level: Medium

  1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey? Ans: UCR Strengths:
    • The UCR has collected information about criminal incidents of violence reported to the police since 1930 and provides trending data.
    • A high percentage of agencies participate.
    • SHR is used to provide more detailed information on the most serious crime—homicide.

UCR Weaknesses

  • Accurate measurement of crime is questionable due to the following:
  • Reports are voluntary—not 100% participation from all agencies.
  • Not all crimes are collected/documented.
  • Detailed information (e.g., the gender and race of both, the relationship between the victim and offender, the weapon used) is collected for homicides only—not all crimes.
  • A large percentage of these victimizations are never reported to police.
  • Police are unable to observe all criminal activity.
  • There is variation in the recording of “known” crime incidents because of police discretion.

NCVS Strengths

  • Captures unreported crime
  • Helps identify victimization and offender characteristics
  • Provides information about changes in victimization over time
  • Provides information on the contexts of victimization including the relationship of victims and offenders and the costs of victimization among other things
  • Improved methods in collecting data—representative findings allow for generalization

NCVS Weaknesses

  • Collects data on households only—not businesses
  • Collects data for those 12 and older only
  • May have inaccuracies due to memory recall
  • Validity of IPV victimizations are questioned. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium
  1. Discuss Wolfgang and Ferracuti's "subcultures of violence" theory, and apply their conceptual framework to discussion of the emergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the Southern states. Ans:
  • (^) Members of some groups are more likely to rely on violence. As they suggest, “Quick resort to physical combat as a measure of daring, courage, or defense of status appears to be a cultural expectation.... When such a cultural response is elicited from an individual engaged in social interplay with others who harbor the same response mechanism, physical assaults, altercations, and violent domestic quarrels that result in homicide are likely to be relatively common.
  • It is also characterized as being a culture of honor since violence has been found to be an acceptable response to incidents when one has been disrespected or dishonored in some way.
  • Violence is something embedded in the values and attitudes of a particular group. Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Medium

Alvarez & Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem, 3 rd^ Edition SAGE Publishing, 2017