Vicariance, Homology, Gene Flow in Biology - Study Guide | BIOL 1111, Study notes of Biology

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vicariance

• (^) The physical splitting of a population into smaller, isolated populations by a geographic barrier.

• (^) Similarity among organisms of different species due to their inheritance from a common ancestor. Features that exhibit such similarity (e.g., DNA sequences, proteins, body parts) are said to be homologous. Compare with homoplasy.

gene flow

genetic bottleneck

• (^) A reduction in allelic diversity resulting from a sudden reduction in the size of a large population (population bottleneck) due to a random event.

• (^) Any change in allele frequencies due to random events. Causes allele frequencies to drift up and down randomly over time, and eventually can lead to the fixation or loss of alleles.

genetic homology

developmental homology

• (^) A similarity in embryonic form, or in the fate of embryonic tissues, that is due to inheritance from a common ancestor.

• (^) The shape and appearance of an organism’s body and its component part

structural homology

adaptation

• (^) Any heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual with that trait, compared with individuals without that trait, in a particular environment.