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A question-and-answer format review of the foundational concepts in applied behavior analysis (aba). It covers key figures like b.f. Skinner, essential tools like the standard celeration chart (scc), and core principles such as determinism, empiricism, and parsimony. The material is designed to prepare students for certification exams and to deepen their understanding of behavior science, emphasizing the importance of systematic approaches and continuous questioning in the field. This resource is valuable for students seeking to reinforce their knowledge and prepare for exams in aba. It provides a structured review of essential concepts and principles, enhancing comprehension and retention. The q&a format promotes active learning and critical thinking, making it an effective study aid for students in behavior analysis.
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Although most of you are preparing for the BACB certification exam, please know that the material is based on the work of ________ and his science and philosophy of human behavior. There are occasions where we may spend time on items that are no longer specifically required for the exam, but we feel are required to be an excellent behavior scientist. - Answer - B.F. Skinner The ________ is the only standardized form of data measurement in our science. In this course, you will be charting your own behavior - specifically your daily study of ABA terminology. - Answer - Standard Celeration Chart (SCC) The Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) is the single governing body for professionals in the field of _______. The BACB was established in 1998 to provide certification to professionals in an effort to establish minimum criteria to be a reactionary in the field. - Answer - Applied Behavior Analysis The standard celeration chart is the only standardized form of data ______ in our science. - Answer - measurement The word _______ refers to a systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world. - Answer - systematic approach Scientific investigations can yield information regarding the three levels of understanding, which are _____ ,_______ , and _______. - Answer - description, prediction, control.
What is the purpose for this systematic approach? - Answer - - To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study.
What is Fatalism? - Answer - the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable. The scientific discovery of functional relations and use of these discoveries to improve things would be impossible. Can Accidentalism and Fatalism occur concurrently with Determinism? - Answer - NO. They are actually antithetical (opposite) to determinism. What is Empiricism? - Answer - The practice of object observation of the phenomena or interest. The basis on which all scientific knowledge is built from. _______ is ensuring we consider the simplest, most logical explanation of a phenomenon before more complex explanations are considered. - Answer - Parsimony What is parsimony? - Answer - all simple explanations are ruled out before more complex or abstract explanations are considered. Why is parsimony important? - Answer - Parsimonious interpretations help scientists assess and fit new findings within the field's existing knowledge base. A fully parsimonious interpretation consists only of those elements that are necessary and sufficient to explain the phenomenon at hand. In other words, given a choice between two competing and compelling explanations for the same phenomenon, one should shave off extraneous variables and choose the simplest explanation, the one that requires the fewest assumptions. What is an experiment? - Answer - A controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomena of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to another. What is replication? - Answer - The exact repeating of scientific experiments.
Why is replication important? - Answer - It is the primary method with which scientist determine the reliability and usefulness of their findings and discover their mistakes. Replication is the primary reason science is self-correcting Enterprise that ultimately gets it right (not the infallibility or inherent honesty of scientists). (in ABA replication to be done with the exact same experiment, or reintroducing the same condition more than one time to see if you get the same results each time. This is essentially using someone as their own control group doing a single subject design we can get that replication using the same person over and over again) What is philosophic doubt? - Answer - - The Continuous questioning of the truthfulness and the validity of all scientific theory and knowledge.
business, and law. Watson (1924) made bold claims concerning human behavior (too bold). What did John B. Watson bring to the field of psychology? - Answer - - observable behavior (Watson argued that the proper subject matter of Psychology was not the states of mind or mental processes but the observable Behavior. There are some parts of the behavior that we see outside of the body.)
Who is B.F. Skinner and why do we still learn about him today? - Answer - He did the radical behaviorism and he defined operant behavior. One of the founding fathers of a ABA. Skinner did a lot including when we talked about verbal Behavior, operant behavior, the history of radical behaviorism, and the development of Aba. What is Mentalism? - Answer - A mental or "inner" Dimension exist that is different from a behavioral dimension. What role does mentalism play in Skinners radical behaviorism? - Answer - So with radical behaviorism, we're saying that because of mentalism we essentially could study what happens internally with thought processes and reinforcement processes that happen entirely inside of someone. But that is more difficult because it is going to be less accessible. Meanwhile observable behavior is much easier. Describe Respondent Beahvior - Answer - - It is reflexive behavior
---first journal in US to deal with applied problems and gave researchers using methodology from experimental analysis of behavior and outlet for publishing their findings. ---Flagship Journal of Aba (and remains) --"some current dimensions of Applied behavioral analysis" ( bear ,wolf ,and risley) ---founding fathers of the new discipline (Aba) ---defined the criteria for judging adequacy of research and perspective and ABA and outlined the space of work for those in the science. ---most widely cited publication in aba ---remains standard description of the discipline In the early 1900's the struggling field of psychology was based on introspection and states of _________ , relying on case studies to document work. - Answer - consciousness B.F. Skinner is credited with developing what Watson previously described into the actual science of behavior by conducting thousands of experiments that demonstrated orderly and reliable relationships between behavior and the ________. This work was published in the _______ (1938/1966) and should be added to every behavior analyst's library. - Answer - environment; JABA what are the the components of applied behavior analysis? - Answer - - applied
making it appropriate to attribute any observed change in the subject's behavior to the independent variables that were manipulated.
When a stimulus is removed and future frequencies of behavior maintain or increase, it is know as ________. - Answer - negative reinforcement. When a _______ is added and future frequencies of behavior maintain or increase, it is known as positive reinforcement - Answer - stimulus ______punishment is when stimulus is added and future occurrences of behavior decreases. (2) - Answer - positive (2) When a stimulus is _______ and future frequencies of behavior maintain or increase, it is know as negative reinforcement. - Answer - removed Positive ______ is when stimulus is added and future occurrences of behavior decreases. - Answer - punishment When a stimulus is added and future frequencies of behavior maintain or increase, it is known as positive _______. - Answer - reinforcement ______ reinforcement is when a stimulus is removed and future frequencies of behavior maintain or increase. - Answer - negative When a stimulus is added and frequencies _____ of behavior maintain or increase, it is known as positive reinforcement. - Answer - future Positive ______ is when a stimulus is ______ and future frequency of behavior increases or stays the same. - Answer - positive; added
When a stimulus is ____ and future frequencies of behavior maintain or increase, it is known as positive _____ - Answer - added. reinforcement ______punishment is when a stimulus is added and future occurrences of behavior______ - Answer - positive; decrease _______reinforcement is when a stimulus is removed and future frequencies of behavior - Answer - negative Reinforcement theory is a ________. That means all of its components are defined by their function (how they work) rather than by their ________ (how they look). - Answer - functional theory; structure Positive reinforcement is a functional relation defined by a two-term contingency: A response is followed immediately by the ________ of a stimulus, and, as a result, similar responses occur more ________ in the future. - Answer - presentation; frequently The stimulus change responsible for the increase in responding is called a _______. A delay (as long as even one second) can _______ the intended effects of a stimulus because it allows for another, unintended stimulus to happen prior to the intended stimulus. - Answer - reinforcement; change In addition to increasing the future frequency of the behavior it follows (consequence stimuli), ________ changes the function of antecedent stimuli. This antecedent stimulus may evoke behavior because it is correlated with the
___________________ are previously neutral stimuli that function as reinforcers as a result of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers. - Answer - conditioned reinforcers A _________________is a conditioned reinforcer that has a result of having been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not depend on a current EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness. - Answer
Escape _________ as an intervention may actually backfire and shape more dangerous behavior - Answer - maintained behavior According to Ruddle et al. (as cited in Iwata, 1987), positively reinforced behavior may compete with, but will not suppress _______ or _______ responding that is reinforced concurrently. - Answer - escape; avoidance According to Iwata, _______ might be considered more intrusive than punishment because, with negative reinforcement, presentation of the aversive stimulus is contingent on the absence, rather than the occurrence, of behavior. - Answer - negative reinforcement Punishment has occurred when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and ______ the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions. - Answer - decreases Punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person delivering the consequences nor by the nature of those consequences. A decrease in the future frequency of occurrence of the behavior must be observed before consequent- based intervention qualifies as _________. - Answer - punishment ________has occurred when the frequency of responding has been decreased by the removal of a stimulus immediately following a behavior. - Answer - negative punishment ________ has occurred when the frequency of responding has been decreased by the presentation of a stimulus immediately following a behavior. - Answer - positive punishment