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UWF EDF 6225-FOUNDATIONS OF ABA
EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 110
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
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What is behavioral contrast? A change in the reinforcement schedule of one setting causes a behavior to have the opposite effect in other settings. For example, kiddo normally eats cookies with grandma. Grandma starts punishing eating cookies, so his cookie eating decreases with grandma but increases at home. What is response blocking? intervening as soon as the behavior starts to prevent the completion of the response What is contingent excercise? participant is required to do a response not topographically related to the behavior
ex: running 5 laps for forgetting gym clothes When a punishment procedure is in place there can be no ________ for the target behavior? reinforcement What is a reprimand? a verbal or sound punisher What is response cost? loss of a specified amount of reinforcement What are methods of response cost?
**- fines
- bonus response cost
- combined w/ positive reinforcement**
participant is required to do a response topographically related to the behavior What is time out from positive reinforcement? the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period contingent on the problem behavior What is non exclusion time out? participant is not completely removed from the time in setting What is planned ignoring? The opportunity to earn social reinforcers is removed for a set duration of time. What is termination of specific reinforcer contact? each occurrence of target behavior immediately stops an activity or sensory reinforcer
ex: taking ipad for swearing What is contingent observation? repositioned to observe activities but access to reinforcers is lost What is a partition/select space time out? remaining in the setting but restricted to a panel/cubicle/corner What is exclusion time out? removed from time-in environment for a specified period What is a time out room? confined area devoid of positive reinforcers
Why use intermittent reinforcement?
**- to maintain behaviors after treatment ends
- to progress naturally occurring reintegration** What is a ratio schedule? reinforcement is based on the number of times the behavior occurs What is an interval schedule?? involves the amount of time that must pass before a behavior is reinforced How does the client have control in a ratio schedule? They get to choose how many times they want to respond in order to receive reinforcement What is a fixed schedule?
Reinforcement is consistent with each response What is a variable schedule? Reinforcement is provided at different rates or at different times What is a fixed ratio schedule? reinforcement is given based on a fixed number of responses What is the consistency of a fixed ratio schedule? little hesitation in initial responses but there is a post reinforcement pause What is a post reinforcement pause? The absence of responding for a short period after reinforcement is delivered in a FR or FI schedule.
What is a fixed interval schedule? reinforcement is given based on the first response given after a fixed amount of time has passed What is the consistency of a fixed interval schedule? post reinforcement pause then accelerating rate towards the end of the interval What is FI scallop? how the acceleration at the end of a fixed interval looks on a graph What is the rate of response for a fixed interval schedule? slow to moderate
What is a variable interval schedule? reinforcement is given based on the first response given after an average amount of time has passed What is the consistency of a variable interval schedule? constant & stable What is the rate of response in a variable interval schedule? low to moderate What is a limited hold? reinforcement is only available for a finite period following elapse of a FI or VI interval What is schedule thinning? Slowly decreasing the amount of reinforcement provided for a behavior by increasing response ratio or duration of interval
What is a DRD? Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates: provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined interval when the # of responses is less than a criterion, it is gradually decreased across intervals based on individual performance What are progressive schedules of reinforcement?! they systematically thin each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of participants behavior What do you have to look out for with progressive schedules? ratio strain What is a compound schedule of reinforcement? The combination of 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement that can occur successively or simultaneously, with or without SD
What is a concurrent schedule of reinforcement? the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each leading to a reinforcer What is matching law? when 2 or more schedules are presented, preference is shown to the behavior with the highest amount of reinforcement What is a multiple schedule of reinforcement? 2 or more basic schedules in an alternating, random sequence. SD tells you which schedule is in place. What is a chained schedule of reinforcement?
- 2 or more schedules always changing in the same order
- schedules can reinforce the same or different behaviors
How do we confirm a stimulus serves as reinforcement? There is data to show the behavior increased. Where does reinforcement fall in the 3 term contingency? consequence When should reinforcement be delivered? IMMEDIATELY Why should reinforcement be delivered immediately? You don't want to allow enough time for another behavior to occur & potentially reinforce the wrong behavior. What is a discriminative stimulus? a stimulus that signals that reinforcement will be available
What is an S-Delta? Stimulus that lets you know a behavior will NOT be reinforced, tells you reinforcement is not available. A reinforcer only functions as reinforcement if the data shows the behavior occurred _______ in the future. more What is an establishing operation? A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus. Ex: deprivation What is an abolishing operation? A motivating operation that decreases the current effectiveness of some stimuli. Ex: satiation
it occurs when reinforcement "accidentally" follows a behavior when the behavior did not actually provide the reinforcement. ex: lucky socks What is automatic reinforcement? When the behavior itself provides the reinforcement. ex: pen tapping, hair twirling, nail biting What is an unconditioned reinforcer? a reinforcer that requires no learning experience in order to be effective What is a conditioned reinforcer? A stimulus that was initially neutral but became a reinforcer through pairing with other stimulus. What is a generalized conditioned reinforcer?
A reinforcer that has been paired with so many other stimuli that it is not affected by EO. What is a free operant preference assessment? All stimuli are available, there is no response requirement, no stimuli are removed from trial What is a contrived free operant preference assessment? The participant receives a sample of each stimulus prior to observation & during observation the engagement with each stimulus is timed and observed. What is a naturalistic free operant preference assessment? Takes place in an everyday environment, no prior sampling of stimuli, observe time & engagement with each stimulus What is a single stimulus preference assessment? items presented one at a time in random order
