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US History STAAR Exam Review Questions and Answers
Typology: Exams
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Period: Westward Expansion - ANS-from about 1877 to 1900. America moves west after the Civil War, and confronts the Native American cultures there while using new technologies (plows, etc) to change the land Great Plains - ANS-Grassland of Central North America that extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. Homestead Act (1862) - ANS-Was a law that provided 160 acres to anyone who was willing to settle land in the west Cattle Drives - ANS-As a demand for beef increased, cowboys drove herds of cattle along trails to be shipped to the east by railroad. Famous trails include the Chisholm, Western, and Goodnight-Loving. Buffalo - ANS-The Great Plains Indians relied on the Buffalo to continue their way of life. When the buffalo were killed off, so was the lifestyle of the Plains Indians. Dawes Act (1887) - ANS-U.S. law that attempted to assimilate Indians by giving them individual plots of land. It authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Battle of Wounded Knee - ANS-U.S. soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native Americans in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars. Period: Gilded Age - ANS-about 1877 to 1900. Term coined by writers including Mark Twain to satirize (make fun of) what they believed to be an era of serious social problems hidden by a thin layer of gold and industrialization. A time of enormous growth in America with even bigger social concerns (tenements, urbanization) Andrew Carnegie - ANS-(November 25, 1835 - August 11, 1919) Carnegie was Scottish-American industrialist business tycoon and philanthropist who controlled most of the steel industry. John D. Rockefeller - ANS-(July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937)Rockefeller was an American industrialist business tycoon and philanthropist who owned Standard Oil and controlled 90% of the oil industry in the late 1800s. 9. Monopolies : Situation in which one company controls an entire industry
Monopolies - ANS-Situation in which one company controls an entire industry. Trusts - ANS-Small companies join together to form one large company. Laissez-Faire - ANS-The idea that government should not interfere with business practices. Social Darwinism - ANS-The belief that the rich succeed because they are superior to the poor. This belief was applied to big business during the Gilded Age. Social Gospel - ANS-Groups of people who worked to better conditions in cities according to the biblical ideas of charity and justice. (Late 19th century) Sherman Antitrust Act - ANS-Outlawed business monopolies, but was not very effective at limiting the power of big business. Labor Unions - ANS-Organizations that protected the interests of the worker. They created the 40-hour work week and dealt with dangerous working conditions. They also organized strikes. Famous labor unions included Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor. Industrialization - ANS-The rise of a manufacturing economy and decline of an agriculture economy. Urbanization - ANS-The large growth of cities. With urbanization came a large range of urban problems including sanitation, transportation, and crowded living conditions. Jane Addams - ANS-She was the founder of Hull House in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace. (September 6, 1860
Theodore Roosevelt - ANS-Progressive and imperialist president. Used the 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up "bad" trusts/monopolies. Created National Park system. Eventually split to from Progressive Party to form "Bull Moose" Party. Sanford B. Dole - ANS-In 1882 After US marines overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy, US government chose Sanford Dole as President. He pushed for annexation of Hawaii as an American territory. Hawaii made territory in 1898. The Role of missionaries in Imperialism - ANS-Missionaries felt duty to spread Christian religion and western values (language, law, capitalism) to the heathen masses. Especially effective in new US colonies in Pacific. Alfred Thayer Mahan - ANS-He was a U.S. Admiral who encouraged the U.S. to strengthen its naval power to a become a world power. (September 27, 1840 - December 1, 1914) The Spanish-American War (1898) - ANS-brief war fought between US and Spain, mostly in Cuba and the Phillipines. Fueled by Expansionism, Yellow Journalism, the de Lome letter, and the USS Maine explosion. Results of the Spanish American War - ANS-Spain loses most of its empire, The Platt Amendment (1901)- allows the U.S. to control Cuba, The U.S. acquired the territories of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico, The U.S. increases its strength as a world power.
segregation. He organized the March on Washington where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. He was assassinated in 1968. King advocated peaceful protest and passive resistance.
Qaeda—Include Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Now defines much American foreign policy
17th Amendment (1913) - ANS-Direct election of senators 18th Amendment (1919) - ANS-Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages 19th Amendment (1920) - ANS-Gave women the right to vote 21st Amendment (1933) - ANS-Repeal of prohibition (18th Amendment) 22nd Amendment (1951) - ANS-Limits the president to two terms or 10 years. 24th Amendment (1964) - ANS-Prohibits federal and state governments from charging poll tax 26th Amendment (1971) - ANS-Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 Tin Pan Alley - ANS-a city district (originally in New York) where composers and publishers of popular music do business Alvin York - ANS-killed 25 machine-gunners and captured 132 German soldiers when his soldiers took cover; won Congressional Medal of Freedom Vernon Baker - ANS-This First Lieutenant was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor posthumously by Bill Clinton for his efforts in WW2. He was in the all black 92nd Infantry. Roy Benavidez - ANS-A war hero of Vietnam, who had been presented with the Congressional Medal of Honor by Reagan. Alexis de Tocqueville - ANS-Early 1830s *French civil servant who traveled to and wrote about the United States *Wrote Democracy in America, reflecting his interest in the American democratic process and appreciation of American civil society *Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty and equality *Provided an outsider's objective view of the Age of Jackson American Indian Citizenship Act - ANS-1924. Grants citizenship to all Native Americans born in the US.