Download US History STAAR EOC Study Guide with Complete Solutions and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
US History STAAR EOC Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Declaration of Independence - ANSWER-Belief in consent of the governed, other nations recognized the US as a country, inspired other to question their governments. Principles of the Constitution - ANSWER-Limits the power of the federal government by separation of powers and checks and balances. 1st Amendment - ANSWER-Freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly, and petition. 5th Amendment - ANSWER-People accused of crimes must be read their rights. (Miranda v. Arizona); eminent domain. Alexis de Tocqueville - ANSWER-Democracy in America: liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, and laissez-faire. Civic Responsibilities - ANSWER-Voting in elections, serving on a jury. Gilded Age - ANSWER-Businesses became wealthy, and some corrupt government officials supported business first policies. Electricity - ANSWER-Made manufacturing more efficient; light bulb led to more hours of work = more production. Railroads - ANSWER-Provided farmers access to distant markets, allowed Americans to settle the west. Monopolies - ANSWER-Total control of a product by one company, laws passed against monopolies to protect consumer prices. Andrew Carnegie - ANSWER-Philanthropy to improve society through donations to education and the arts. Labor Unions - ANSWER-Fought for better pay and working conditions. Urbanization - ANSWER-Growth in industry resulted in people moving to cities to work in factories causing sanitation problems. Political Corruption - ANSWER-Government officials took bribes, bosses and political machines promised infrastructure for votes.
Immigrants - ANSWER-Came to American for better economic conditions, farm fertile soil, jobs in factories; citizens wanted assimilation. Irish Immigrants - ANSWER-Persecuted because they were Catholic. Nativists - ANSWER-Wanted restrictions on immigration, assimilation. Chinese Exclusion Act - ANSWER-Passed because people in the west did not want to compete with immigrants for jobs. Homestead Act - ANSWER-Resulted in the settling of the frontier by farmers. Dawes Act - ANSWER-Law intended to assimilate Native Americans into American culture. Populist Party Platform - ANSWER-Coinage of silver, graduated income tax, and regulation of railroad shipping charges. Upton Sinclair - ANSWER-Wrote "The Jungle", resulting in the government regulating the safety of food products; FDA. Jane Addams - ANSWER-Established settlement house movement to help assimilate immigrants. W.E.B. DuBois - ANSWER-Helped found NAACP, a civil rights group that fought for the legal rights of African Americans. State Reforms - ANSWER-Initiative, referendum, recall; increased participation in democracy, made elected officials accountable. Pure Food and Drug Act - ANSWER-Government policies protecting consumers, resulted from Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair. National Park Service - ANSWER-(Organic Act) - Roosevelt, conserve land. 19th Amendment - ANSWER-Allowed women's suffrage, right to vote. Prohibition - ANSWER-Desire to decrease crime and health problems, resulted in increased crime & speakeasies, women supported. Causes of Spanish-American War - ANSWER-Cuban Revolution and sinking of U.S.S. Maine. Effects of Spanish-American War - ANSWER-Helped establish American as a world imperial power.
Harlem Renaissance - ANSWER-Popularity of African American artists, gospel music, jazz, influenced civil rights movement. Overspeculation - ANSWER-In stock market led to Great Depression. Great Depression - ANSWER-Demand for goods declined -> businesses failed -> unemployment grew -> economic depression -> homeless. Dust Bowl - ANSWER-Caused by drought and poor farming practices. New Deal - ANSWER-Federal government took on a new role by playing a larger role in helping the welfare of Americans, protecting economy, help provide jobs and mortgage loans. Economic Prosperity - ANSWER-Resulted in consumer spending, growth of middle class, led to interstate highway system. Vaccines - ANSWER-Jonas Salk developed vaccine to stop polio; vaccination programs were developed to limited the spread of infectious diseases. Brown v. Board of Education - ANSWER-Required desegregation of schools, NAACP's Thurgood Marshall helped argue case. Martin Luther King Jr. - ANSWER-Important leader of the civil rights movement, believed in civil disobedience instead of violence. Black Panthers - ANSWER-Civil Rights group that used armed resistance to protest and to defend themselves, Huey Newton was leader. Little Rock, Arkansas - ANSWER-Governor Orval Faubus challenged the power of the federal government to desegregate schools. March on Washington - ANSWER-Nonviolent protest aimed to improve political rights and economics opportunities or minorities. Civil Rights Act of 1965 - ANSWER-Required equal treatment of minorities in the workplace. Equal Employment Opprotunity - ANSWER-Government agencies could no longer discriminate in their employment practices. Voting Rights Act of 1965 - ANSWER-Ended poll taxes and literacy tests as a requirement to vote; resulted in increased voting by minorities. Shirley Chisholm - ANSWER-1st African American woman to serve in Congress.
Cuban Missile Crisis - ANSWER-Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent shipment of Soviet nuclear missiles. Medicare Act of 1965 - ANSWER-Provided health care for people 65+. Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 - ANSWER-(HUD) - Aimed to provide poor with affordable housing. Chicano Workers Movement - ANSWER-Led by Cesar Chavez, worked to improve working conditions for migrant workers. Chicano Mural Movement - ANSWER-Built Hispanic cultural pride. Countercultural Movement - ANSWER-Youth had district fashion and culture, often used rock and roll (Woodstock) to protest government policies. Vietnam War - ANSWER-U.S. got involved to try and prevent communism from spreading (containment) in Asia. Tonkin Resolution - ANSWER-Allowed president to take military action without declaration of war from Congress. Anti-War Movement - ANSWER-As more troops were sent to Vietnam and the media reported setbacks (credibility gap), people protested by mass demonstrations, violence at some rallies. War Powers Resolution - ANSWER-Congress limited the military power of the executive branch, result of actions during the Vietnam War. Environmental Protection Agency - ANSWER-(EPA) - Government agency created to protect the environment, Earth Day. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - ANSWER-Government guaranteed bank deposits, protects people's savings. Social Security Act - ANSWER-Created a government benefits program to help elderly/disabled/retired; increased governments responsibility. Unconstitutional Programs - ANSWER-Supreme Court used 10th Amendment to overturn some New Deal programs. Roosevelt's Court Packing Plan - ANSWER-Response to rejection of some New Deal programs, many disliked because it increased power of president.
McCarthyism - ANSWER-Red Scare movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy that arrested people suspected of being communists. Suburbs - ANSWER-Resulted from prosperity after WWII, baby boom, and increased demand for housing. GI Bill - ANSWER-Government paid for education of military veterans. Watergate - ANSWER-Nixon attempted to cover up information, led to growing cynicism and loss of trust towards the government. OPEC - ANSWER-(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), passed an embargo on U.S., caused price spike on gasoline. Camp David Accords - ANSWER-U.S. helped (ally) Israel negotiate peace treaty with Egypt. Iranian Hostage Crisis - ANSWER-Iran revolutionaries kidnapped U.S. citizens in Iran in response to the Shan being in the U.S. Sandra Day O' Connor - ANSWER-1st female Supreme Court Justice. Aerospace Technology - ANSWER-Equipment developed for space flight is now used in practical products, (i.e. sunglasses, GPS). Iran-Contra Affair - ANSWER-Reagan illegally sold weapons to Iran in exchanges for hostages and sent money to Contras in Nicaragua. NAFTA - ANSWER-(North American Free Trade Agreement) - Removed trade barriers, increased competition, produced prices decreased. Entrepreneurs - ANSWER-Create new products (internet & iPhone) and ideas that change daily life and culture (online shopping). Bill Gates - ANSWER-Developed software for personal computers. 2000 Presidential Election - ANSWER-Supreme Court ended recount in Florida, Bush wins, 3rd Part drew votes from Bush & Gore. September 11th, 2001 - ANSWER-Attack on the World Trade Center resulted in U.S. War on Terror; invasion of Afghanistan. Hurricane Katrina - ANSWER-New Orleans flooded as a result of the low elevations and the failure of the levees in the city. 2008 Presidential Election - ANSWER-1st African American President.
Computers & Internet - ANSWER-Easy access to information; resulted in increased manufacturing efficiency (robots), work efficiency, telecommunications, advancements caused by competition. Alternative Energy - ANSWER-Oil reserves are decreasing, need a new renewable energy source (wind turbines) and efficient products. Environment - ANSWER-High oil usage results in increased pollution. Pop Culture - ANSWER-U.S. music and sports adopted worldwide.
