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US History STAAR EOC Study Guide
Latest Updated
Declaration of Independence - ANS-Belief in consent of the governed, other nations recognized the US as a country, inspired other to question their governments. Principles of the Constitution - ANS-Limits the power of the federal government by separation of powers and checks and balances. 1st Amendment - ANS-Freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly, and petition. 5th Amendment - ANS-People accused of crimes must be read their rights. (Miranda v. Arizona); eminent domain. Alexis de Tocqueville - ANS-Democracy in America: liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, and laissez-faire. Civic Responsibilities - ANS-Voting in elections, serving on a jury. Gilded Age - ANS-Businesses became wealthy, and some corrupt government officials supported business first policies. Electricity - ANS-Made manufacturing more efficient; light bulb led to more hours of work = more production. Railroads - ANS-Provided farmers access to distant markets, allowed Americans to settle the west. Monopolies - ANS-Total control of a product by one company, laws passed against monopolies to protect consumer prices. Andrew Carnegie - ANS-Philanthropy to improve society through donations to education and the arts. Labor Unions - ANS-Fought for better pay and working conditions. Urbanization - ANS-Growth in industry resulted in people moving to cities to work in factories causing sanitation problems. Political Corruption - ANS-Government officials took bribes, bosses and political machines promised infrastructure for votes.
Immigrants - ANS-Came to American for better economic conditions, farm fertile soil, jobs in factories; citizens wanted assimilation. Irish Immigrants - ANS-Persecuted because they were Catholic. Nativists - ANS-Wanted restrictions on immigration, assimilation. Chinese Exclusion Act - ANS-Passed because people in the west did not want to compete with immigrants for jobs. Homestead Act - ANS-Resulted in the settling of the frontier by farmers. Dawes Act - ANS-Law intended to assimilate Native Americans into American culture. Populist Party Platform - ANS-Coinage of silver, graduated income tax, and regulation of railroad shipping charges. Upton Sinclair - ANS-Wrote "The Jungle", resulting in the government regulating the safety of food products; FDA. Jane Addams - ANS-Established settlement house movement to help assimilate immigrants. W.E.B. DuBois - ANS-Helped found NAACP, a civil rights group that fought for the legal rights of African Americans. State Reforms - ANS-Initiative, referendum, recall; increased participation in democracy, made elected officials accountable. Pure Food and Drug Act - ANS-Government policies protecting consumers, resulted from Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair. National Park Service - ANS-(Organic Act) - Roosevelt, conserve land. 19th Amendment - ANS-Allowed women's suffrage, right to vote. Prohibition - ANS-Desire to decrease crime and health problems, resulted in increased crime & speakeasies, women supported. Causes of Spanish-American War - ANS-Cuban Revolution and sinking of U.S.S. Maine. Effects of Spanish-American War - ANS-Helped establish American as a world imperial power.
Harlem Renaissance - ANS-Popularity of African American artists, gospel music, jazz, influenced civil rights movement. Overspeculation - ANS-In stock market led to Great Depression. Great Depression - ANS-Demand for goods declined -> businesses failed -> unemployment grew -> economic depression -> homeless. Dust Bowl - ANS-Caused by drought and poor farming practices. New Deal - ANS-Federal government took on a new role by playing a larger role in helping the welfare of Americans, protecting economy, help provide jobs and mortgage loans. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - ANS-Government guaranteed bank deposits, protects people's savings. Social Security Act - ANS-Created a government benefits program to help elderly/disabled/retired; increased governments responsibility. Unconstitutional Programs - ANS-Supreme Court used 10th Amendment to overturn some New Deal programs. Roosevelt's Court Packing Plan - ANS-Response to rejection of some New Deal programs, many disliked because it increased power of president. 22nd Amendment - ANS-Limited president to only serve two terms, passed in response to FDR serving four terms. Pearl Harbor - ANS-Japanese retaliation for embargo, resulted in U.S. entering WWII. Justification for War - ANS-Economic and political interdependence of nations, stop spread of totalitarian governments. Victory Gardens - ANS-Support war effort by increasing food supply. Women - ANS-Took on new roles to support the war effort, joined nurse cadets, and worked in factories to keep up production. Japanese American internment camps - ANS-Violated liberties of Japanese American citizens provided in the 14th Amendment. Navajo Code Talkers - ANS-Transmitted secret military information. Vernon Baker - ANS-African American veteran of WWII, received Medal of Honor.
The Holocaust - ANS-The Nazi attempt at the genocide of Jewish people, caused many Jews to migrate to America. Atomic Bomb - ANS-A new strategic weapon developed at Los Alamos, New Mexico; Japan surrendered after bomb dropped on Hiroshima on Nagasaki, resulted in arms race with Soviets. Berlin Airlift - ANS-U.S. flew planes over the Soviet blockade of Berlin to get supplies to West Berlin without military conflict. Marshall Plan - ANS-U.S. provided financial assistance to Western European countries to rebuild after WWII. Korean War - ANS-U.N. and U.S. troops sent to Korea, to stop spread of communism, after North Korea invaded the South. Arms Race - ANS-U.S. and Soviets promote science and technology as both attempt to develop nuclear arsenals. Sputnik - ANS-U.S.S.R. satellite, caused U.S. to invest money in space, science, technology, and weapons programs. House Un-American Activities Committee - ANS-(HUAC) - Looked into individuals believed to be with the Communist movement. McCarthyism - ANS-Red Scare movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy that arrested people suspected of being communists. Suburbs - ANS-Resulted from prosperity after WWII, baby boom, and increased demand for housing. GI Bill - ANS-Government paid for education of military veterans. Economic Prosperity - ANS-Resulted in consumer spending, growth of middle class, led to interstate highway system. Vaccines - ANS-Jonas Salk developed vaccine to stop polio; vaccination programs were developed to limited the spread of infectious diseases. Brown v. Board of Education - ANS-Required desegregation of schools, NAACP's Thurgood Marshall helped argue case. Martin Luther King Jr. - ANS-Important leader of the civil rights movement, believed in civil disobedience instead of violence.
War Powers Resolution - ANS-Congress limited the military power of the executive branch, result of actions during the Vietnam War. Environmental Protection Agency - ANS-(EPA) - Government agency created to protect the environment, Earth Day. Watergate - ANS-Nixon attempted to cover up information, led to growing cynicism and loss of trust towards the government. OPEC - ANS-(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), passed an embargo on U.S., caused price spike on gasoline. Camp David Accords - ANS-U.S. helped (ally) Israel negotiate peace treaty with Egypt. Iranian Hostage Crisis - ANS-Iran revolutionaries kidnapped U.S. citizens in Iran in response to the Shan being in the U.S. Sandra Day O' Connor - ANS-1st female Supreme Court Justice. Aerospace Technology - ANS-Equipment developed for space flight is now used in practical products, (i.e. sunglasses, GPS). Iran-Contra Affair - ANS-Reagan illegally sold weapons to Iran in exchanges for hostages and sent money to Contras in Nicaragua. NAFTA - ANS-(North American Free Trade Agreement) - Removed trade barriers, increased competition, produced prices decreased. Entrepreneurs - ANS-Create new products (internet & iPhone) and ideas that change daily life and culture (online shopping). Bill Gates - ANS-Developed software for personal computers. 2000 Presidential Election - ANS-Supreme Court ended recount in Florida, Bush wins, 3rd Part drew votes from Bush & Gore. September 11th, 2001 - ANS-Attack on the World Trade Center resulted in U.S. War on Terror; invasion of Afghanistan. Hurricane Katrina - ANS-New Orleans flooded as a result of the low elevations and the failure of the levees in the city. 2008 Presidential Election - ANS-1st African American President.
Computers & Internet - ANS-Easy access to information; resulted in increased manufacturing efficiency (robots), work efficiency, telecommunications, advancements caused by competition. Alternative Energy - ANS-Oil reserves are decreasing, need a new renewable energy source (wind turbines) and efficient products. Environment - ANS-High oil usage results in increased pollution. Pop Culture - ANS-U.S. music and sports adopted worldwide.
