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US HISTORY FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST UPDATE
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Roaring Twenties 1920- 1929 Isolationism and nativism [fear of immigration]; Red Scare; Social Darwinism and eugenics; Jazz Age; Flappers [changing roles and lifestyles for women]; Consumer boom; Business booms, superficial prosperity; growth of mass media [radio and newspapers]; alcohol illegal, organized crime Warren G. Harding president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI 1921- 1923 Laissez-Faire Politics Hands off. No government intervention in business. Free market/free trade USSR (Soviet Union ) Officially called USSR in 1922 also known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [Communist totalitarian nation in Europe and Asia] Sacco and Vanzetti Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.
Flappers Young women in the 1920s who challenged social traditions with their dress and behavior Scopes Trial 1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution Organized crime A business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit- Al Capone's bootlegging Harlem Renaissance A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished Hebert Hoover President during the beginning of the Great Depression. He believed in "rugged individualism" [care for yourself] and "laissez-faire" capitalism. He tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, and not give direct relief. The Great Depression The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s to 1941; unemployment rate of 25%, an all-time high
The informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. It was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression. New Deal The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression Huey P. Long Louisiana Senator; Popular for his "Share the Wealth" program; "Every man a king" Dust Bowl A nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930s World War Two (WWII) Event that brought the United States completely out of the Great Depression, U.S. entered because of Japanese bombing at Pearl Harbor; started by Hitler and other fascists to gain territory and superiority Joesph Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII, leader after Lenin died Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. Adolf Hitler Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933- 1945 ). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). Nonaggression Pact 1939 - Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland Munich Pact Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Germany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; Chamberlain said it guaranteed "peace in our time"; appeasement Axis Powers (WWII) Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II. Battle of Britain
Women's role WWII Worked in factories while men fought, provided supplies, dangerous work Gen. Douglas MacArthur was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II Double V Campaign African American strategy to defeat Hitler's racism abroad as well as racism at home War Production Board Converted factories from civilian to military production. Manufacturing output tripled. Tuskegee Airmen African American squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during World War II Japanese Internment Japanese and Japanese Americans were placed in camps beginning in 1942; upheld by Korematsu v. US Yalta declaration
Stalin promised to declare war on japan, free elections and democratic government established in freed countries. Germany was temporarily divided into US, GB, FR and USSR D-Day June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. Harry Truman 33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war. Hiroshima and Nagasaki Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II. Truman's reason using A-Bomb Believed that THIS was a necessary action to prevent further U.S. loss of life & other casualties of countries in WWII End of WWII September 2, 1945 - Day the Japanese delegation formally signs the instrument of surrender on board the USS Missouri, marking the official ending of World War II.
After WWII, a plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe. United Nations (UN) An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security Berlin Airlift Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations [against Communist countries] Korean War The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea; ended in a stalemate at the 38th parallel H-bomb (hydrogen bomb) Ordered by Truman, the first U.S. H-bomb was exploded in 1952. The Soviets exploded their first H-bomb in 1953, and the nuclear arms race entered a dangerously competitive cycle
Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East. 2nd Red Scare A period in 1950s America where Anti-Communism was rampant and at a fever pitch HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) Committee responsible for rooting out communists in American Government and Society; forced Hollywood 10 to court Hollywood Blacklist A list of people in the Hollywood movie industry who were condemed for having communist backgrounds. Joseph McCarthy 1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly
May 1, 1960, a U.S. spy plane was shot down over Soviet airspace; U.S. denied it was a spy plane, but the Soviets had the plane and the pilot, Gary Powers John F. Kennedy (JFK) 35th President of the United States. President 196 1 - 63. Was in office during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis and the building of the Berlin Wall. Domestic Agenda called New Frontier. Created the Peace Corps. Strongly supported space program and the Civil Rights Movement. Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald November, 1963. Berlin Wall A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West Bay of Pigs Failed CIA operation in April 1961 to overthrow Castro and take over Cuba using Cuban exiles; humiliated JFK and the U.S. Cuban Missile Crisis The 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba; JFK stood his ground and quarantined Cuba
Fidel Castro Communist dictator of Cuba who came into power in 1959. Detente A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon. Richard Nixon 1968 and 1972; Republican; Vietnam: advocated "Vietnamization" (replace US troops with Vietnamese), Paris Peace Accords ended direct US involvement; created the Environmental Protection Agency, was president during first moon landing [1969]; SALT I and new policy of détente between US and Soviet Union to ease tensions; Watergate scandal: became first and only president to resign the presidency Ronald Reagan Brought in the conservative movement in the late 1980s, called USSR an "Evil Empire", believed that the US military build up increase Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
Interstate Highway Act 1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history; $32 billion Civil Rights Movement A social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair laws. They gave speeches, marched in the streets, and participated in boycotts. Brown v. Board of Education 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) An African-American preacher political leader of the civil rights movement. Famous for his nonviolent methods of opposing segregation, such as boycotts of segregated city buses, or sit-ins at lunch counters that would not serve black people. King was assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968; I Have A Dream speech
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) Group formed by student activists; used the sit-in as an effective method of protest Lyndon B. Johnson Signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. His domestic policy was called "the Great Society"; created the Economic Opportunity Act with a "War on Poverty", and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy families. Also created a Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD]. His most important legislation was probably Medicare and Medicaid. Great Society President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. Betty Friedan
Voting Rights Act of 1965 A policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination; outlawed literacy tests and any other means to stop African Americans from voting Black Panthers A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest. 24th Amendment Abolishes poll taxes (1964); gave African Americans more voting rights Malcom X African-American civil rights leader who encouraged violent responses to racial discrimination Vietnam War A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States; unpopular and controversial war
Ho Chi Minh Communist leader of North Vietnam Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam; gave the president more military power than Congress My Lai A massacre of hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers during the Vietnam War Kent State University Where The Kent State Shootings Took Place Which Killed Four Students And Injured Nine Others Tet Offensive
