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US history. Ancient times, period perspective, settlements, Study notes of United States History

University of British ColumbiaUnited States History

US history. Ancient times, period perspective, settlements. bullet point notes and tables

Typology: Study notes

2019/2020

Uploaded on 04/11/2020

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From ancient times
Early Cultures in 1490s
1491-1607
PERIOD PERSPECTIVE:
1. Transatlantic trade known as the Columbian exchange.
2. With in next 100 years, the Spanish and Portuguese
developed colonies. Using Natives and enslaved africans
for agriculture and mining metals.
3. Spanish & Portuguese > Dutch and French < English.
ALTERNATE VIEW:
European violence and disease destroyed so much of the
vibrant culture that existed in americas before Columbus
arrived.
People migrated from arctic circle to South America
1: Mayas: remarkable cities in rain forest of Yucatan
peninsula present day: Guatemala, Belize and south
Mexico.
2: Centuries later decline of mayas : Aztecs from central
Mexico developed a powerful empire and were
dominating Mexico and Central America.
Aztec capital Tenochtitlan with huge population of
200'000.
3. While, Incas based in Peru developed empire in South
America
4: corn and maize for the Mayas & Aztecs, potatoes for
Incas.
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Download US history. Ancient times, period perspective, settlements and more Study notes United States History in PDF only on Docsity!

From ancient times Early Cultures in 1490s 1491- PERIOD PERSPECTIVE:

  1. Transatlantic trade known as the Columbian exchange.
  2. With in next 100 years, the Spanish and Portuguese developed colonies. Using Natives and enslaved africans for agriculture and mining metals.
  3. Spanish & Portuguese > Dutch and French < English. ALTERNATE VIEW: European violence and disease destroyed so much of the vibrant culture that existed in americas before Columbus arrived. People migrated from arctic circle to South America 1: Mayas: remarkable cities in rain forest of Yucatan peninsula present day: Guatemala, Belize and south Mexico. 2: Centuries later decline of mayas : Aztecs from central Mexico developed a powerful empire and were dominating Mexico and Central America. Aztec capital Tenochtitlan with huge population of 200'000.
  4. While, Incas based in Peru developed empire in South America 4: corn and maize for the Mayas & Aztecs, potatoes for Incas.

EARLY CULTURES OF

CENTRAL & SOUTH

AMERICA

CULTURES OF NORTH

AMERICA

People migrated from

arctic circle to South

America

Most complex societies

had disappeared by 15th

century, reasons not well

understood.

1: Mayas: remarkable

cities in rain forest of

Yucatan peninsula

present day: Guatemala,

Belize and south Mexico.

Men made tools for

hunting, women gathered

plants and nuts or grew

crops such as maize,

tobacco and beans.

2: Centuries later decline

of mayas : Aztecs from

central Mexico developed

a powerful empire and

were dominating Mexico

and Central America.

By time of Columbus,

people lived in

semipermanent

settlements in groups,

seldom exceeding

300ppl.

Aztec capital

Tenochtitlan with huge

population of 200'000.

Population from 1 million

to 10m. Present day US &

CA

3. While, Incas based in

Peru developed empire in

South America

4: corn and maize for the

Mayas & Aztecs, potatoes

for Incas.

smaller and Less

sophisticated than Mexico

and South America, one

reason because maize

cultivation spread slowly

while actively trading with other tribes. Groups were: Hokokam, Anasazi, Pueblos. People living were either nomadic hunters or sedentary people who farmed and traded. They lived In large numbers in caves, under cliffs, multistoried buildings. They lived in permanent longhouses or plank houses. nomadic tribes lived in teepees, which were easily disassembled and transported. Farming tribes lived permanently in earthen lodges along rives Extreme drought and hostile natives had taken their toll on these groups. However, their way of life was preserved. High mountain ranges isolated tribes in this region, creating barriers to development. Not until the 17th century did American Indians acquire horses by trading or stealing from Spanish settlers. With horses tribes moved away from farming to hunting, easily following the buffalo across the plains. Preserved in the arid land and To save stories, legends & myths, The plains tribes would merge or

following the buffalo across the plains. Preserved in the arid land and stone and masonry dwellings To save stories, legends & myths, carved large totem pole. The plains tribes would merge or split apart as conditions changed Migration was also common. E.x the Apaches gradually migrated southward from Canada to Texas. MIDWEST settlements

NORTHEAST

settlements

ATLANTIC

SEABOARD

Some Adena culture spread from Ohio valley into NY. From NJ south to Florida lived the people of coastal plains. East of Mississippi River, the woodland American Indians prospered with hunting, fishing and agriculture. Their culture combined hunting & farming. Their farming techniques exhausted soil quickly, people had to move to fresh land frequently. Many were descendants of the woodland mound builders (MIDWEST settlements) and built timber and bark lodging along rivers. Many permanent settlements developed in the Most famous group was Iroquois The rivers and Atlantic Ocean provided a rich

mother lived in longhouses unto 200feet long. Largest settlement was Cahokia (near present day East St. Louis, Illinois), as many as 30’ inhabitants. From the 16th century through the American revolution, the Iroquois were a powerful force, battling rival American Indian as well as europeans.