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US HISTORY. ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS TO BRITISH SUPREMACY, Study notes of United States History

US HISTORY. ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS TO BRITISH SUPREMACY

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ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS TO BRITISH
SUPREMACY:
EUROPE MOVES TOWARD EXPLORATION:
Until the late 1400’s people of America, Asia, Europe
and Africa had no knowledge of the people on the
other side.
While Vikings from Scandinavia had visited Greenland
and north America around the year 1000, these
voyages had no impact.
Columbus’s voyages finally brought people into
contact across Atlantic.
Several factors made an oceanic crossing and
exploration possible in the late 15th century.
Improvemen
t in
technology:
Religious
Conflict:
Expanding
Trade
Developing
Nation States
In Europe, a
rebirth of
classical
learning
prompted an
outburst of
artistic and
scientific
activity in
15th and
16th century
known as
The
Renaissance
.
The later
years of
renaissance
were a time
of intense
religious zeal
and conflict.
Economic
motives for
exploration
grew out of
a fierce
competition
for increased
trade with
Africa, India,
China.
Enormous
multiethnic
empires,
such as Holy
Roman
Empire in
Central
Europe, were
breaking up,
replacing the
small
kingdoms
and the multi
ethnic
empires were
nation-
states.
Most of the
technologica
l advances
during the
renaissance
resulted
from the
Europeans
making
improvement
s in the
invention of
others.
The Roman
Catholic
Church that
had once
dominated
Western
Europe was
threatened
from without
by the
ottoman
turks who
were
followers of
Islam, and
from within
the revolt
against the
pope’s
authority.
Merchants
used to
travel from
Venice and
byzantine on
a long, slow,
expansive
overland
route that
reached the
capital of the
Chinese
empire.
Countries in
which the
majority of
people
shared both a
common
cultured
common
loyalty
toward a
central
government.
For
example,
they began
to use
gunpowder
which was
invented by
Chinese.
And the
sailing
compass
which was
adopted
from Arab
merchants.
CATHOLIC
VICTORY IN
SPAIN: In 8th
century,
invaders from
North Africa
known as
Moors,
rapidly
conquered
most of
which is now
Spain. Over
the next
several
centuries,
Spanish
Christians
reconquered
much of the
land.
This land
route had
become
blocked in
1453 when
the
Ottoman
turks seized
control of
the
Constantino
ple.
Monarchs of
France,
England and
Netherlands
depended on
trade to bring
in needed
revenues and
on the church
to justify their
right to rule.
They also
made major
improvemen
ts in ship
building and
map
making.
Two of the
largest of
these
kingdoms
united when
Isabella,
queen of
Castile, and
Ferdinand,
kind of
Aragon,
married in
1469.
NEW
ROUTES:
the
Portuguese
who realized
the route
south along
the West
African coast
east to China
was the
shortest
path, found it
more
promising.
They used
their power to
search for
riches abroad
and to spread
the influence
of their
version of
Christianity
to new
overseas
dominions.
In addition,
the
invention of
the printing
press in
1450s
aided the
spread of
knowledge
across
Europe.
In 1492,
under their
leadership,
Spanish
conquered
the last
moorish
stronghold
on Spain, the
city of
Granada. In
that year, the
monarchs
also funded
Columbus on
his first
voyage.
Voyages of
exploration
sponsored by
Portgs
prince Henry
eventually
succeeded in
opening up a
long sea
route around
South
Africas cape
of good
hope. In
1498, the
Portuguese
sea captain,
Vasco Da
Gama was
the first
European to
reach India
via this route.
2.
PROTESTAN
T REVOLT IN
Northern
Europe:
Slave
trading:
In the early
1500s,
certain
christians in
Germany,
England,
France,
holland and
other
Northern
European
countries
revolted
against the
authority of
the pope in
Rome.
In 15 century,
Portuguese
began
trading for
slaves from
west Africa.
They used
the slaves to
work on new
established
sugar
plantations
on the
islands off
the African
coast.
this revolt
was known
as the
protestant
reformation.
It was so
profitable
producing
sugar with
slave labor
that when
europeans
established
colonies in
the Americas,
they used the
slave system
there.
Conflicts
between
catholics
and
Protestants
led to a
series of
religious
wars.
African
Resistance:
they resisted
slavery in
whatever
ways they
could. Though
transported
thousands of
miles away
from home
their
homelands
and brutally
repressed,
they ran away,
sabotaged
work or
revolted.
The conflict
also caused
the catholics
of Spain and
Portugal and
the
protestants
of England
and Holland
want to
spread their
own versions
of
Christianity
to people in
Africa, Asia
and
Americas.
For
generations
they
maintained
aspects of
their African
culture,
particularly in
music, religion
and folkways.
this a
religious
motive for
exploration
and
colonization
was added
to political
and
economic
motives.
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● ● ●

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS TO BRITISH

SUPREMACY:

EUROPE MOVES TOWARD EXPLORATION:

Until the late 1400’s people of America, Asia, Europe

and Africa had no knowledge of the people on the

other side.

While Vikings from Scandinavia had visited Greenland

and north America around the year 1000, these

voyages had no impact.

Columbus’s voyages finally brought people into

contact across Atlantic.

Several factors made an oceanic crossing and

exploration possible in the late 15th century.

Improvemen t in technology: Religious Conflict: Expanding Trade Developing Nation States

In Europe, a

rebirth of

classical

learning

prompted an

outburst of

artistic and

scientific

activity in

15th and

16th century

known as

The

Renaissance

The later

years of

renaissance

were a time

of intense

religious zeal

and conflict.

Economic

motives for

exploration

grew out of

a fierce

competition

for increased

trade with

Africa, India,

China.

Enormous multiethnic empires, such as Holy Roman Empire in Central Europe, were breaking up, replacing the small kingdoms and the multi ethnic empires were nation- states.

Improvemen t in technology: Religious Conflict: Expanding Trade Developing Nation States

In Europe, a

rebirth of

classical

learning

prompted an

outburst of

artistic and

scientific

activity in

15th and

16th century

known as

The

Renaissance

The later

years of

renaissance

were a time

of intense

religious zeal

and conflict.

Economic

motives for

exploration

grew out of

a fierce

competition

for increased

trade with

Africa, India,

China.

Enormous multiethnic empires, such as Holy Roman Empire in Central Europe, were breaking up, replacing the small kingdoms and the multi ethnic empires were nation- states.

Most of the

technologica

l advances

during the

renaissance

resulted

from the

Europeans

making

improvement

s in the

invention of

others.

The Roman

Catholic

Church that

had once

dominated

Western

Europe was

threatened

from without

by the

ottoman

turks who

were

followers of

Islam, and

from within

the revolt

against the

Merchants

used to

travel from

Venice and

byzantine on

a long, slow,

expansive

overland

route that

reached the

capital of the

Chinese

empire.

Countries in which the majority of people shared both a common cultured common loyalty toward a central government.

against the

pope’s

authority.

For

example,

they began

to use

gunpowder

which was

invented by

Chinese.

And the

sailing

compass

which was

adopted

from Arab

merchants.

CATHOLIC

VICTORY IN

SPAIN: In 8th century, invaders from North Africa known as Moors, rapidly conquered most of which is now Spain. Over the next several centuries, Spanish Christians reconquered much of the land.

This land

route had

become

blocked in

1453 when

the

Ottoman

turks seized

control of

the

Constantino

ple.

Monarchs of France, England and Netherlands depended on trade to bring in needed revenues and on the church to justify their right to rule.

They also

made major

improvemen

ts in ship

building and

map

making.

Two of the largest of these kingdoms united when Isabella, queen of Castile, and Ferdinand, kind of Aragon, married in

NEW

ROUTES:

the Portuguese who realized the route south along the West African coast east to China was the shortest path, found it more They used their power to search for riches abroad and to spread the influence of their version of Christianity to new overseas dominions.

reconquered much of the land.

They also

made major

improvemen

ts in ship

building and

map

making.

Two of the largest of these kingdoms united when Isabella, queen of Castile, and Ferdinand, kind of Aragon, married in

NEW

ROUTES:

the Portuguese who realized the route south along the West African coast east to China was the shortest path, found it more promising. They used their power to search for riches abroad and to spread the influence of their version of Christianity to new overseas dominions.

In addition,

the

invention of

the printing

press in

1450’s

aided the

spread of

knowledge

across

Europe.

In 1492, under their leadership, Spanish conquered the last moorish stronghold on Spain, the city of Granada. In that year, the monarchs also funded Columbus on his first voyage. Voyages of exploration sponsored by Portg’s prince Henry eventually succeeded in opening up a long sea route around South Africa’s cape of good hope. In 1498, the Portuguese sea captain, Vasco Da Gama was the first

T REVOLT IN

Northern Europe:

In the early

1500s,

certain

christians in

Germany,

England,

France,

holland and

other

Northern

European

countries

revolted

against the

authority of

the pope in

Rome.

In 15 century, Portuguese began trading for slaves from west Africa. They used the slaves to work on new established sugar plantations on the islands off the African coast.

this revolt

was known

as the

protestant

reformation.

It was so profitable producing sugar with slave labor that when europeans established colonies in the Americas, they used the slave system there.

Conflicts

between

catholics

and

African Resistance: they resisted slavery in whatever

they used the slave system there.

Conflicts

between

catholics

and

Protestants

led to a

series of

religious

wars.

African Resistance: they resisted slavery in whatever ways they could. Though transported thousands of miles away from home their homelands and brutally repressed, they ran away, sabotaged work or revolted. The conflict also caused the catholics of Spain and Portugal and the protestants of England and Holland want to spread their own versions of Christianity to people in Africa, Asia and Americas. For generations they maintained aspects of their African culture, particularly in music, religion and folkways.