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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb

The Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary SystemFunctions of the Urinary System

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.1a  (^) Elimination of waste products  (^) Nitrogenous wastes  (^) Toxins  (^) Drugs

Organs of the Urinary systemOrgans of the Urinary system

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Kidneys  (^) Ureters  (^) Urinary bladder  (^) Urethra Figure 15.1a

Location of the KidneysLocation of the Kidneys

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Against the dorsal body wall  At the level of T 12 to L 3  (^) The right kidney is slightly lower than the left  (^) Attached to ureters, renal blood vessels, and nerves at renal hilus  (^) Atop each kidney is an adrenal gland

Kidney StructuresKidney Structures

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Medullary pyramids – triangular regions of tissue in the medulla  (^) Renal columns – extensions of cortex- like material inward  (^) Calyces – cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis

Blood Flow in the KidneysBlood Flow in the Kidneys

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15. Figure 15.2c

GlomerulusGlomerulus

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.9a  (^) A specialized capillary bed  (^) Attached to arterioles on both sides (maintains high pressure)  (^) Large afferent arteriole  (^) Narrow efferent arteriole Figure 15.3c

GlomerulusGlomerulus

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.9b  (^) The glomerulus sits within a glomerular capsule (the first part of the renal tubule) Figure 15.3c

Types of NephronsTypes of Nephrons

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.11a  (^) Cortical nephrons  (^) Located entirely in the cortex  (^) Includes most nephrons Figure 15.3a

Types of NephronsTypes of Nephrons

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.11b  (^) Juxtamedullary nephrons  (^) Found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla Figure 15.3a

Urine Formation ProcessesUrine Formation Processes

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Filtration  (^) Reabsorption  (^) Secretion Figure 15.

FiltrationFiltration

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Nonselective passive process  (^) Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through capillary walls  (^) Blood cells cannot pass out to the capillaries  (^) Filtrate is collected in the glomerular capsule and leaves via the renal tubule

Materials Not ReabsorbedMaterials Not Reabsorbed

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Nitrogenous waste products  (^) Urea  (^) Uric acid  (^) Creatinine  (^) Excess water

Secretion – Reabsorption inSecretion – Reabsorption in

Reverse Reverse

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings^ Slide 15.  (^) Some materials move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules  (^) Hydrogen and potassium ions  (^) Creatinine  (^) Materials left in the renal tubule move toward the ureter