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Anatomy of Muscles: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, and Functions, Study notes of Medicine

University of Mount UnionMedicine

An in-depth analysis of various muscles in the human body, including their origins, insertions, innervation, and primary actions. It covers muscles in the arm, forearm, and hand, such as the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor digitorum superficialis. Additionally, it discusses the blood supply and muscle groups for each muscle. This information is useful for students of anatomy, physiology, or healthcare fields.

What you will learn

  • What are the primary actions of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
  • What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
  • Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

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MUSCLE PROXIMALATTACHMENT
(ORIGIN)
DISTALATTACHMENT
(INSERTION) INNERVATION MAINACTIONS BLOODSUPPLY MUSCLEGROUP
Flexorcarpiradialis Medialepicondyleofhumerus Baseof2ndmetacarpal Mediannerve Flexesandabductshandatwrist Radialartery Anteriorforearm
Flexorcarpiulnaris
Humeralhead: medialepicondyleof
humerusUlnarhead: olecranonand
posteriorborderofulna
Pisiformbone,hookofhamate,base
of5thmetacarpal Ulnarnerve Flexesandadductshandatwrist Posteriorulnarrecurrentartery Anteriorforearm
Flexordigitorumprofundus
Medialandanteriorsurfaceof
proximal3/4ofulnaand
interosseousmembrane
Palmarbaseofdistalphalangesof
medialfourdigits
Medialpart: ulnarnerveLateral
part: mediannerve
Flexesdistalphalangesofmedialfour
digits,assistswithflexionofhandat
wrist
Anteriorinterosseousartery,
muscularbranchesofulnarartery Anteriorforearm
Flexordigitorumsuperficialis
Humero‐ulnarhead:medial
epicondyleofhumerusandcoronoid
processofulna
Radialhead:superiorhalfofanterior
radius
Bodiesofmiddlephalangesofmedial
fourdigits Mediannerve
Flexesmiddleandproximal
phalangesofmedialfourdigits,flexes
handatwrist
Ulnarandradialarteries Anteriorforearm
Flexorpollicislongus Anteriorsurfaceofradiusand
interosseousmembrane
Palmarbaseofdistalphalanxof
thumb Mediannerve(anteriorinterosseous) Flexesphalangesofthumb Anteriorinterosseousartery Anteriorforearm
Palmarislongus Medialepicondyleofhumerus Distalhalfofflexorretinaculumand
palmaraponeurosis Mediannerve Flexeshandatwristandtenses
palmaraponeurosis Posteriorulnarrecurrentartery Anteriorforearm
Pronatorquadratus Distalfourthofanteriorulna Distalfourthofanteriorradius Mediannerve(anteriorinterosseous) Pronatesforearm Anteriorinterosseousartery Anteriorforearm
Pronatorteres
Twoheads:medialepicondyleof
humerusandcoronoidprocessof
ulna
Midwayalonglateralsurfaceof
radius Mediannerve Pronatesforearmandassistswith
elbowflexion Anteriorulnarrecurrentartery Anteriorforearm
Anconeus Posteriorsurfaceoflateral
epicondyleofhumerus
Lateralsurfaceofolecranonand
posteriorproximalulna Radialnerve(C5–T1) Assiststricepsinextendingelbow,
abductsulnainpronation Deepbrachialartery Arm
Bicepsbrachii
Longhead:supraglenoidtubercleof
scapula
Shorthead: tipofcoracoidprocessof
scapula
Radialtuberosity,fasciaofforearm
viabicipitalaponeurosis Musculocutaneousnerve(C5,C6) Flexesandsupinatesforearmat
elbow Muscularbranchesofbrachialartery Arm
Brachialis Distalhalfofanteriorsurfaceof
humerus
Coronoidprocessandtuberosityof
ulna
Musculocutaneousnerveandradial
nerve(C7) Flexesforearmatelbow Radialrecurrentartery,muscular
branchesofbrachialartery Arm
Coracobrachialis Tipofcoracoidprocessofscapula Middlethirdofmedialsurfaceof
humerus Musculocutaneousnerve Flexesandadductsarmatshoulder Muscularbranchesofbrachialartery Arm
Tricepsbrachii
Longhead:infraglenoidtubercleof
scapula
Lateralhead:upperhalfof posterior
humerus
Medialhead:distal2/3ofmedial
andposteriorhumerus
Posteriorsurfaceofolecranon
processofulna Radialnerve
Extendsforearmatelbow;longhead
stabilizesheadofabductedhumerus
andextendsandadductsarmat
shoulder
Branchofprofundabrachiiartery Arm
Abductordigitiminimi Pisiformboneandtendonofflexor
carpiulnaris
Medialsideofbaseofproximal
phalanxoflittlefinger(5thdigit) Ulnarnerve(deepbranch) Abductslittlefinger Deeppalmarbranchofulnarartery Hand
Abductorpollicisbrevis Flexorretinaculum,tuberclesof
scaphoidandtrapezium
Lateralsideofbaseofproximal
phalanxofthumb Mediannerve(recurrentbranch) Abductsthumb Superficialpalmarbranchofradial
artery Hand
Adductorpollicis
Obliquehead:basesof2ndand3rd
metacarpalsandcapitateand
adjacentbones
Transversehead:anteriorsurfaceof
3rdmetacarpal
Medialsideofbaseofproximal
phalanxofthumb Ulnarnerve(deepbranch) Adductsthumb Deeppalmararch Hand
Dorsalinterosseousmuscles Adjacentsidesoftwometacarpal
bones
Baseofproximalphalanges,extensor
expansionofdigits2–4 Ulnarnerve(deepbranch)
Abductdigitsfromaxiallineofhand
(3rddigit);flexdigitsat
metacarpophalangealjointand
extendinterphalangealjoints
Deeppalmararch Hand
UPPEREXTREMITYMUSCLETABLE
Robert Frysztak, PhD.
Structure of the Human Body
Loyola University Chicago
Stritch School of Medicine
07/16/2015
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MUSCLE

PROXIMAL

ATTACHMENT

(ORIGIN)

DISTAL

ATTACHMENT

(INSERTION)

INNERVATION

MAIN

ACTIONS

BLOOD

SUPPLY

MUSCLE

Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd metacarpal Median nerve Flexes and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery Anterior forearm Flexor carpi ulnaris Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna Pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm Flexor digitorum profundus Medial and anterior surface of proximal

of ulna and interosseous membrane Palmar base of distal phalanges of medial four digits Medial part: ulnar nerve Lateral part: median nerve Flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits, assists with flexion of hand at wrist Anterior interosseous artery, muscular branches of ulnar artery Anterior forearm Flexor digitorum superficialis Humero ‐ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Radial head: superior half of anterior radius Bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits Median nerve Flexes middle and proximal phalanges of medial four digits, flexes hand at wrist Ulnar and radial arteries Anterior forearm Flexor pollicis longus Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Palmar base of distal phalanx of thumb Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Flexes phalanges of thumb Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Median nerve Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm Pronator quadratus Distal fourth of anterior ulna Distal fourth of anterior radius Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Pronates forearm Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm Pronator teres Two heads: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Midway along lateral surface of radius Median nerve Pronates forearm and assists with elbow flexion Anterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm Anconeus Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral surface of olecranon and posterior proximal ulna Radial nerve

(C5–T1)

Assists triceps in extending elbow, abducts ulna in pronation Deep brachial artery Arm Biceps brachii Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Musculocutaneous nerve

(C5,C6)

Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm Brachialis Distal half of anterior surface of humerus Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve

(C7)

Flexes forearm at elbow Radial recurrent artery, muscular branches of brachial artery Arm Coracobrachialis Tip of coracoid process of scapula Middle third of medial surface of humerus Musculocutaneous nerve Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm Triceps brachii Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: upper half of posterior humerus Medial head: distal

of medial and posterior humerus Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna Radial nerve Extends forearm at elbow; long head stabilizes head of abducted humerus and extends and adducts arm at shoulder Branch of profunda brachii artery Arm Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform bone and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger (5th digit) Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Abducts little finger Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Median nerve (recurrent branch) Abducts thumb Superficial palmar branch of radial artery Hand Adductor pollicis Oblique head :^ bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate and adjacent bones Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Adducts thumb Deep palmar arch Hand Dorsal interosseous muscles Adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones Base of proximal phalanges, extensor expansion of digits

Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Abduct digits from axial line of hand (3rd digit); flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints Deep palmar arch Hand

UPPER

EXTREMITY

MUSCLE

TABLE

Robert Frysztak, PhD.Structure of the Human BodyLoyola University ChicagoStritch School of Medicine

MUSCLE

PROXIMAL

ATTACHMENT

(ORIGIN)

DISTAL

ATTACHMENT

(INSERTION)

INNERVATION

MAIN

ACTIONS

BLOOD

SUPPLY

MUSCLE

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Median nerve (recurrent branch) Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb Superficial palmar branch of radial artery Hand Lumbrical, first and second Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits

and

Median nerve (digital branches) Extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints Superficial and deep palmar arches Hand Lumbrical, third and fourth Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits

and

Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Extend digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints Superficial and deep palmar arches Hand Opponens digiti minimi Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate bone Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it to face thumb Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand Opponens pollicis Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Median nerve (recurrent branch) Draws 1st metacarpal forward and rotates it medially Superficial palmar branch of radial artery Hand Palmar interosseous muscles Sides of metacarpals

and

Bases of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of digits

and 5 Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Adducts digits toward axial line of hand (3rd digit); flexes digits at metacarpophalngeal joint and extends interphalangeal joints Deep palmar arch Hand Palmaris brevis Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum Skin of medial border of palm Superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve Deepens hollow of hand, assists grip Superficial palmar arch Hand Pectoralis major Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm medially Pectoral branch of thoraco ‐acromial artery, perforating branches of internal thoracic artery Pectoral region/ axilla Pectoralis minor Outer surface of upper margin of ribs 3– Coracoid process of scapula Medial pectoral nerve Lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula Pectoral branch of thoraco ‐acromial and intercostal lateral thoracic arteries Pectoral region/axilla Abductor pollicis longus Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane Base of 1st metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Brachioradialis Proximal

of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Lateral side of distal end of radius Radial nerve Weak flexion of forearm when forearm is midpronated Radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal and slip to 2nd metacarpal Radial nerve (deep branch) Extends and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery, radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm Extensor carpi radialis longus Distal third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to 3rd metacarpal Radial nerve Extends and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery, radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm Extensor carpi ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna Dorsal base of 5th metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends and adducts hand at wrist Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends 5th digit Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansions of medial four digits Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends medial four digits, assists in wrist extension Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor indicis Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Extensor expansion of 2nd digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends 2nd digit and helps extend hand at wrist Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor pollicis longus Posterior surface of middle third of ulna, interosseous membrane Dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Supinator Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius Radial nerve (deep branch) Supinates forearm Radial recurrent artery, posterior interosseous arteries Posterior forearm

Robert Frysztak, PhD.Structure of the Human BodyLoyola University ChicagoStritch School of Medicine