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In this one page cheat sheet you have the Unix/Linux Command Reference: File Commands, Process Management, SSH, Shortcuts, and so on.
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ls โ directory listing ls -al โ formatted listing with hidden files cd dir - change directory to dir cd โ change to home pwd โ show current directory mkdir dir โ create a directory dir rm file โ delete file rm -r dir โ delete directory dir rm -f file โ force remove file rm -rf dir โ force remove directory dir * cp file1 file2 โ copy file1 to file cp -r dir1 dir2 โ copy dir1 to dir2 ; create dir2 if it doesn't exist mv file1 file2 โ rename or move file1 to file if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file ln -s file link โ create symbolic link link to file touch file โ create or update file cat > file โ places standard input into file more file โ output the contents of file head file โ output the first 10 lines of file tail file โ output the last 10 lines of file tail -f file โ output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines
ps โ display your currently active processes top โ display all running processes kill pid โ kill process id pid killall proc โ kill all processes named proc * bg โ lists stopped or background jobs; resume a stopped job in the background fg โ brings the most recent job to foreground fg n โ brings job n to the foreground
chmod octal file โ change the permissions of file to octal , which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding: โ 4 โ read (r) โ 2 โ write (w) โ 1 โ execute (x) Examples: chmod 777 โ read, write, execute for all chmod 755 โ rwx for owner, rx for group and world For more options, see man chmod.
ssh user@host โ connect to host as user ssh -p port user@host โ connect to host on port port as user ssh-copy-id user@host โ add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login
grep pattern files โ search for pattern in files grep -r pattern dir โ search recursively for pattern in dir command | grep pattern โ search for pattern in the output of command locate file โ find all instances of file
date โ show the current date and time cal โ show this month's calendar uptime โ show current uptime w โ display who is online whoami โ who you are logged in as finger user โ display information about user uname -a โ show kernel information cat /proc/cpuinfo โ cpu information cat /proc/meminfo โ memory information man command โ show the manual for command df โ show disk usage du โ show directory space usage free โ show memory and swap usage whereis app โ show possible locations of app which app โ show which app will be run by default
tar cf file.tar files โ create a tar named file.tar containing files tar xf file.tar โ extract the files from file.tar tar czf file.tar.gz files โ create a tar with Gzip compression tar xzf file.tar.gz โ extract a tar using Gzip tar cjf file.tar.bz2 โ create a tar with Bzip compression tar xjf file.tar.bz2 โ extract a tar using Bzip gzip file โ compresses file and renames it to file.gz gzip -d file.gz โ decompresses file.gz back to file
ping host โ ping host and output results whois domain โ get whois information for domain dig domain โ get DNS information for domain dig -x host โ reverse lookup host wget file โ download file wget -c file โ continue a stopped download
Install from source: ./configure make make install dpkg -i pkg.deb โ install a package (Debian) rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm โ install a package (RPM)
Ctrl+C โ halts the current command Ctrl+Z โ stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background Ctrl+D โ log out of current session, similar to exit Ctrl+W โ erases one word in the current line Ctrl+U โ erases the whole line Ctrl+R โ type to bring up a recent command !! - repeats the last command exit โ log out of current session