Download UNIT 4 TEST | SHS 306 - Basic Neuroanatomy in Speech-Language Pathology and more Quizzes Speech-Language Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!
Arteries
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the brain TERM 2
Veins
DEFINITION 2 return deoxygenated blood and circulated blood back to the heart TERM 3
Arterioles
DEFINITION 3 Division of arteries that delivers blood to capillaries TERM 4
Capillaries
DEFINITION 4 terminal extensions of the vascular system that does not allow rapid blood flow in order to exchange nutritive substance and waste products between the brain cells and blood TERM 5
Venules
DEFINITION 5 deepest of part of the vascular system located in the cortical substance
Circle of Willis
Internal carotid arteries and basilar artery form a ring of blood vessels at the base of the brain TERM 7
Cortical Arteries
DEFINITION 7 One of two types of arteries that arise from the Circle of Willis. They consist of large arteries that supply blood to the external brain structures TERM 8
Central Arteries
DEFINITION 8 One of two types of arteries that arise from the Circle of Willis. They consist of small arteries that penetrate the ventral surface of the brain to supply the internal and subcortical brain structures. TERM 9
Artherosclerosis
DEFINITION 9 Hardened artery walls. Occurs when undissolved substances accumulate in the along the inner wall of the blood vessels and narrow the vessels TERM 10
Artheroma
DEFINITION 10 Lipid deposit that narrows the blood vessels wall during artherosclerosis
Aphasia
the partial or total inability to produce and understand speech as a result of brain damage caused by injury or disease TERM 17
Apraxia
DEFINITION 17 the inability to perform complex movements, often as a result of brain damage, for example, following a stroke. TERM 18
Hypertension
DEFINITION 18 abnormally high blood pressure TERM 19
Heart Disease
DEFINITION 19 an abnormal condition of the heart or the blood vessels supplying it that impairs cardiac functioning TERM 20
Diabetes Mellitus
DEFINITION 20 is a disorder of metabolism, most prominently carbohydrate metabolism.
5 risk factors for stroke
Smoking High Cholesterol Diabetes Mellitus Heart Disease Hypertension TERM 22
Autonomic Nervous System
DEFINITION 22 Mainly an efferent (motor) system, however, does have an afferent (sensory) component. Controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands. Consists of 2 systems: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic TERM 23
Sympathetic System
DEFINITION 23 regulates the bodys response to distress. Responsible for the expenditure of metabolic energy TERM 24
Parasympathetic System
DEFINITION 24 Regulates the bodys ability to return to a normal state after experiencing a state of distress. Opposes the sympathetic system. Promotes relaxation and growth in the body. Also influences state of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands TERM 25
Hypothalamus
DEFINITION 25
- Central control of the ANS. Acts as a synaptic relay system and controls vasodilation, regulation of body temperature, anger, reproduction, hunger, thirst, production and circulation of hormones by the pituitary gland
Reticular Formation
Composed of the medulla, pons, and midbrain. Controls functions of all sensorimotor stimuli of thoughts, emotions, and cognition. Also controls brain homeostasis. Regulates respiration and swallowing TERM 32
Optic Nerve
DEFINITION 32 includes nerve fibers from the retina to the optic chiasm TERM 33
Optic Tract
DEFINITION 33 includes nerve fibers traveling between the chiasm and the lateral geniculate body TERM 34
Monocular
DEFINITION 34 the lateral portion of the visual field that is only perceived by one eye TERM 35
Binocular
DEFINITION 35
- seen in both eyes as they simultaneously focus on a single object
Sclera
the white of the eye that consists of a dense layer of opaque connective tissue TERM 37
Cornea
DEFINITION 37 an ectodermal structure is a nonvascular and transparent fibrous region of the eye TERM 38
Vascular Tunic
DEFINITION 38 is the middle layer of the eye which consists of the choroid, iris, ciliary structure, and lens. TERM 39
Nervous Tunic
DEFINITION 39 is the inner layer of the eye which contains the photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that turn light rays into neural impulses and contains other cells that aid in the transmission of visual impulses to the cortex TERM 40
Rods
DEFINITION 40 ~100 million in number and function in dim light and mediate night vision
Cataract
primarily age-induced painless production of nontransparent fibrous protein that results in the clouding of the lens or its capsule TERM 47
Glaucoma
DEFINITION 47 results from an increase in intraocular pressure caused by inadequate drainage of aqeous humor
