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UNIT 4 TEST | SHS 306 - Basic Neuroanatomy in Speech-Language Pathology, Quizzes of Speech-Language Pathology

last final Class: SHS 306 - Basic Neuroanatomy in Speech-Language Pathology; Subject: Speech and Hearing Sciences; University: University of Southern Mississippi; Term: Fall 2010;

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 12/06/2010

erin-henley
erin-henley 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Arteries
DEFINITION 1
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the brain
TERM 2
Veins
DEFINITION 2
return deoxygenated blood and circulated blood back to the
heart
TERM 3
Arterioles
DEFINITION 3
Division of arteries that delivers blood to capillaries
TERM 4
Capillaries
DEFINITION 4
terminal extensions of the vascular system that does not
allow rapid blood flow in order to exchange nutritive
substance and waste products between the brain cells and
blood
TERM 5
Venules
DEFINITION 5
deepest of part of the vascular system located in the cortical
substance
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Arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the brain TERM 2

Veins

DEFINITION 2 return deoxygenated blood and circulated blood back to the heart TERM 3

Arterioles

DEFINITION 3 Division of arteries that delivers blood to capillaries TERM 4

Capillaries

DEFINITION 4 terminal extensions of the vascular system that does not allow rapid blood flow in order to exchange nutritive substance and waste products between the brain cells and blood TERM 5

Venules

DEFINITION 5 deepest of part of the vascular system located in the cortical substance

Circle of Willis

Internal carotid arteries and basilar artery form a ring of blood vessels at the base of the brain TERM 7

Cortical Arteries

DEFINITION 7 One of two types of arteries that arise from the Circle of Willis. They consist of large arteries that supply blood to the external brain structures TERM 8

Central Arteries

DEFINITION 8 One of two types of arteries that arise from the Circle of Willis. They consist of small arteries that penetrate the ventral surface of the brain to supply the internal and subcortical brain structures. TERM 9

Artherosclerosis

DEFINITION 9 Hardened artery walls. Occurs when undissolved substances accumulate in the along the inner wall of the blood vessels and narrow the vessels TERM 10

Artheroma

DEFINITION 10 Lipid deposit that narrows the blood vessels wall during artherosclerosis

Aphasia

the partial or total inability to produce and understand speech as a result of brain damage caused by injury or disease TERM 17

Apraxia

DEFINITION 17 the inability to perform complex movements, often as a result of brain damage, for example, following a stroke. TERM 18

Hypertension

DEFINITION 18 abnormally high blood pressure TERM 19

Heart Disease

DEFINITION 19 an abnormal condition of the heart or the blood vessels supplying it that impairs cardiac functioning TERM 20

Diabetes Mellitus

DEFINITION 20 is a disorder of metabolism, most prominently carbohydrate metabolism.

5 risk factors for stroke

Smoking High Cholesterol Diabetes Mellitus Heart Disease Hypertension TERM 22

Autonomic Nervous System

DEFINITION 22 Mainly an efferent (motor) system, however, does have an afferent (sensory) component. Controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands. Consists of 2 systems: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic TERM 23

Sympathetic System

DEFINITION 23 regulates the bodys response to distress. Responsible for the expenditure of metabolic energy TERM 24

Parasympathetic System

DEFINITION 24 Regulates the bodys ability to return to a normal state after experiencing a state of distress. Opposes the sympathetic system. Promotes relaxation and growth in the body. Also influences state of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands TERM 25

Hypothalamus

DEFINITION 25

  • Central control of the ANS. Acts as a synaptic relay system and controls vasodilation, regulation of body temperature, anger, reproduction, hunger, thirst, production and circulation of hormones by the pituitary gland

Reticular Formation

Composed of the medulla, pons, and midbrain. Controls functions of all sensorimotor stimuli of thoughts, emotions, and cognition. Also controls brain homeostasis. Regulates respiration and swallowing TERM 32

Optic Nerve

DEFINITION 32 includes nerve fibers from the retina to the optic chiasm TERM 33

Optic Tract

DEFINITION 33 includes nerve fibers traveling between the chiasm and the lateral geniculate body TERM 34

Monocular

DEFINITION 34 the lateral portion of the visual field that is only perceived by one eye TERM 35

Binocular

DEFINITION 35

  • seen in both eyes as they simultaneously focus on a single object

Sclera

the white of the eye that consists of a dense layer of opaque connective tissue TERM 37

Cornea

DEFINITION 37 an ectodermal structure is a nonvascular and transparent fibrous region of the eye TERM 38

Vascular Tunic

DEFINITION 38 is the middle layer of the eye which consists of the choroid, iris, ciliary structure, and lens. TERM 39

Nervous Tunic

DEFINITION 39 is the inner layer of the eye which contains the photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that turn light rays into neural impulses and contains other cells that aid in the transmission of visual impulses to the cortex TERM 40

Rods

DEFINITION 40 ~100 million in number and function in dim light and mediate night vision

Cataract

primarily age-induced painless production of nontransparent fibrous protein that results in the clouding of the lens or its capsule TERM 47

Glaucoma

DEFINITION 47 results from an increase in intraocular pressure caused by inadequate drainage of aqeous humor