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Unit 2 | HPER 3260 - Exercise Physiology, Quizzes of Kinesiology

Class: HPER 3260 - Exercise Physiology; Subject: Health, PE, and Recreation; University: Georgia Southwestern State University; Term: Spring 2011;

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 04/29/2011

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TERM 1
All or None
Principle
DEFINITION 1
Acetylcholine is released, diffuses across neuromuscular
junction, action potential excites the sarcolemma, and the
fiber contracts
TERM 2
Twitch
DEFINITION 2
Action Potential down a motor neuron causes a short period
of activation of muscle fibers in the motor unit.
TERM 3
Phases of Muscle Contraction
DEFINITION 3
Resting Phase
Excitation-Contraction Coupling Phase
Contraction Phase
Recharge Phase
Relaxation Phase
TERM 4
Monitoring Training
Adaptations
DEFINITION 4
Performance Tests
VO2 Max Change
HR changes and % VO2 changes
Lower Lactate Accumulation
TERM 5
Performance Tests
DEFINITION 5
does performance improve?
EX: time trials
Highly applicable, yet often hard to control for external
factors
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All or None

Principle

Acetylcholine is released, diffuses across neuromuscular junction, action potential excites the sarcolemma, and the fiber contracts TERM 2

Twitch

DEFINITION 2 Action Potential down a motor neuron causes a short period of activation of muscle fibers in the motor unit. TERM 3

Phases of Muscle Contraction

DEFINITION 3 Resting Phase Excitation-Contraction Coupling Phase Contraction Phase Recharge Phase Relaxation Phase TERM 4

Monitoring Training

Adaptations

DEFINITION 4 Performance Tests VO2 Max Change HR changes and % VO2 changes Lower Lactate Accumulation TERM 5

Performance Tests

DEFINITION 5 does performance improve? EX: time trials Highly applicable, yet often hard to control for external factors

VO2 Max Change

Large increase from sedentary to trained small increase from moderate active to trained easily controlled and safer vs performance test yet, really expensive and lab confinement TERM 7

HR Changes & %VO

changes

DEFINITION 7 Decrease in resting HR, so SV must have increased Lower HR & VO2 at any given submax intensity easy to measure EX: use a HR monitor TERM 8

Lower Lactate Accumulation

DEFINITION 8 Training increases ability to move and mobilize LA check changes in OBLA LA is more sensitive to changes vs VO moderately expensive, time consuming, lab confinement TERM 9

Training For Endurance

DEFINITION 9 Principle of Overload Principle of Reversibility Principle of Specificity TERM 10

Principle of Overload

DEFINITION 10 Applying a greater stimulus then the body is accustomed to

Long Slow

Distance

Duration: 60 minutes to 2 hrs for running, 2-5+ cycling, 10,000-25,000 meters swimming Helps Increase: VO2 max, tissue respiration capacity, hearts efficiency in pumping, cross over training effect often doesn't satisfy specificity TERM 17

Interval/Repeat

Training

DEFINITION 17 hard periods alternated with easy periods Intervals: 600m or less running Repeats: greater than 600m running maximize increases in vo2 max, mitochondrial density, and lactate buffering & clearance stressful on body and can't be done daily TERM 18

Threshold

Training

DEFINITION 18 improves pacing strategy permits athlete to find limits and current fitness level Steady State: at 80% of vo2 max, just under MLSS Tempo: at 85% of vo2 max, at MLSS TERM 19

Intensity VS Volume

DEFINITION 19 Sprinters: same intensity, but increase volume Endurance: increase intensity, maintain volume negative relationship (one goes up, other goes down) TERM 20

Overtraining Signs &

Symptoms

DEFINITION 20 Decrease in appetite or weight loss, when not trying muscle tenderness all over body increase in sickness/illness episodes nausea sleep deprivation decrease in muscle glycogen increase in resting hr and irritability psychological effects acute epinephrine & norepinephrine increases beyond norm performance decrements

Twice-A-Day

Training

Day 1: start at 100%, drop to 50% at 6am workout; increase to 65% during day and drop to 25% during 4pm workout; increase to 75% prior to next workoutDay 2: start at 75%, drop to 25% at 6am workout TERM 22

Taper

DEFINITION 22 a decrease in volume or intensity, just prior to competition permits the "adaptive response to Peak" 2-3 days easy, will allow complete glycogen replenishment TERM 23

Perfect Training

Program

DEFINITION 23 Must address factors: volume intensity mode age fitness level gender and genetics compliance Nutrition TERM 24

3 Types of Intensity

DEFINITION 24 Below Maximal Lactate Steady State At MLSS Above MLSS TERM 25

Below MLSS

DEFINITION 25 blood lactate less than 1.0 mmole

Skeletal Muscle

attached to bones, striated, voluntary TERM 32

Smooth Muscle

DEFINITION 32 Muscle of viscera, non-striated, involuntary TERM 33

Cardiac Muscle

DEFINITION 33 Muscle of the heart, striated, involuntary TERM 34

Muscular Strength

DEFINITION 34 one max bench press; max force a muscle can generate against resistance, only once = 1 RM TERM 35

Muscular Power

DEFINITION 35 EX: Shot Put Force x Velocity Rate of performing work, completed in a certain amount of time, with maximal and rapid force

Muscular Endurance

Rowing 1000m Ability of muscle to lift repetitively or sustain contraction, for an extended period of time TERM 37

Proprioception

DEFINITION 37 Specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles, and tendons (proprioceptors), sensitive to pressure and tension TERM 38

Kinesthetic Sense

DEFINITION 38 Allows the brain to have conscious appreciation of the body in 3-dimensional space TERM 39

Specialized Receptors

DEFINITION 39 Joint Kinesthetic Receptors Muscle Spindles Golgi Tendon Organ TERM 40

Muscle Actions

DEFINITION 40 Isometric Isotonic

Type 2b Muscle Fiber

Fast Twitch Glycolytic Anaerobic White EX: 50-100m sprint, long jump, high jump TERM 47

ACSM Strength Training

Guidelines

DEFINITION 47 8-10 different exercises targeting major muscle groups 1 set, 8-12 reps, at or near volitional exhaustion 2-3 days per week use proper technique use full ROM Slow & controlled contractions/actions apply normal breathing pattern incorporate a partner into training program TERM 48

Strength Training for

Athletes

DEFINITION 48 Focus on major muscle groups used in competition consider the method of training consider the energy systems used consider avoidance of injury TERM 49

Number of Reps & Sets for

Athletes

DEFINITION 49 increase strength increase size increase definition and muscular endurance increase power TERM 50

Arrangement of Exercises

DEFINITION 50 Train larger muscle groups first! Consider the agonist and antagonist

Neural Adaptations

occurs within first 6-8 weeks TERM 52

Hypertrophy

DEFINITION 52 occurs after 12 weeks and beyond until plateau is reached TERM 53

Hyperplasia

DEFINITION 53 increase in number of muscle fibers has yet to be shown to occur in humans occurs in large felines TERM 54

Endurance Ergogenic Aids

DEFINITION 54 Performance enhancing substances difficulties in research... ethical considerations and safety inter-individual variability can't stimulate competitive environment lab measurement limitations TERM 55

Caffeine

DEFINITION 55 CNS stimulant decrease pain sensation increase free fatty acid mobilization enhance Acetylcholine effects better electrical messages effects endurance events side effects

Absorption of Creatine effected by...

Diet Physical Activity Genetic Ceiling Gender TERM 62

100% O2 Breathing

DEFINITION 62 Pre-Exercise - 98% saturated During Exercise - improvements due to increased O delivery TERM 63

Environmental Exercise Physiology

DEFINITION 63 thermal regulation and heat control mechanisms TERM 64

How the body gains heat

DEFINITION 64 metabolic heat generated from exercise TERM 65

How the body loses heat

DEFINITION 65 Conduction Convection Radiation Evaporation

Conduction

transfer of heat by direct contact TERM 67

Convection

DEFINITION 67 External: transfer of heat from an object, by moving a gas or liquid across an object Internal: blood moving in body TERM 68

Radiation

DEFINITION 68 emission of heat rays 60% loss during resting state TERM 69

Evaporation

DEFINITION 69 Represents 80% of heat is dissipated during exercise TERM 70

Heat Loss

DEFINITION 70 temperature differential insulation value surface area of clothing

Cold Weather Prevention

don't stay out in very cold temperatures wear appropriate clothing TERM 77

Air Quality &

Index

DEFINITION 77 poor air quality can decrease exercise performance, it especially affects those with respiratory problems do not exercise outdoors during a smog alert or if air quality is poor