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UNIT 1 MN 551 PATHO QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% CORRECT, Exams of Pathophysiology

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UNIT 1 MN 551 PATHO QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
1. The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung
cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent
weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's
anorexia and cachexia?
ANS Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
2. A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two
different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently.
Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation for
this?-
ANS The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
3. A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an
industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the fol-
lowing phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in
the patient?
ANS Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
4. Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the
greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly?
ANS A woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
5. The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of
cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse
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UNIT 1 MN 551 PATHO QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS

1. The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung

cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? ANS Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia

2. A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two

different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this?- ANS The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.

3. A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an

industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the fol- lowing phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? ANS Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.

4. Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the

greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? ANS A woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis

5. The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of

cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse

practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of biliru- bin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? ANS Cytoplasm

6. A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation

treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment. Which of the fol- lowing statements by the nurse is most accurate? ANS "Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site."

7. A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant disorder.

The patient and his partner are considering starting a family. Which of the patient's following statements indicates the patient has an adequate under- standing of the genetic basis of this health problem? ANS "I know that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health problem."

8. A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particu- lar

genetic disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys the genetic rationale for this situation? ANS The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the same chromosome.

9. The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently di-

agnosed with the chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP would

school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies the rationale for this teaching? ANS Cancer of the uterine cervix develops incrementally at a cellular level.

16. Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of

cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? ANS Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium.

17. A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can

cause cancer and has sought clarification from her nurse practitioner during an office visit. How can the NP best respond to the woman's query? ANS "There are many viruses, but only a very few of them have been shown to cause cancer in humans."

18. The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to

speak to a group of factory workers about the importance of wearing gloves when working with strong chemicals such as turpentine and paint thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes underlies

the nurse's teaching? ANS Cell membranes are impermeable to all but lipid-soluble substances.

19. A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed at

a community health clinic. Which of the following assessments would be the health care professional's lowest priority? ANS Tests of kidney function

20. A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is

experiencing muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells? ANS A reduction of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment

21. A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of dia-

betes about the roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in order to provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which of the following processes allows glucose to enter body cells ANS Facilitated diffusion

22. A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant

DNA technology. Which of the following statements could the researcher best provide as a rationale for her work? ANS The gene fragment responsible for insulin production can be isolated and reproduced.

23. A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of

different tissues, and their cellular origins during the process of develop-

26. An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a sin- gle-

gene disorder. The parents of the child have a number of questions about the etiology of the health problem, which the physician is attempting to address in detail. Which of the following teaching points most accurately captures an aspect of single-gene congenital disorders? ANS A particular defect can be caused by mutations at one of several different loci.

27. Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a

benign neoplastic tumor. Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor? ANS The well-differentiated neoplastic cells are clustered to- gether in a single mass.

28. As part of an orientation to a genetic counseling practice, a group of

medical students is differentiating between autosomal recessive disorders and autosomal dominant disorders. Which of the following statements is true of autosomal recessive disorders? ANS They tend to have a more uniform symptomatology than autosomal dominant disorders.

29. A nurse practitioner employed in the emergency department admits a

patient who has experienced severe frostbite to his hands and toes after becoming lost on a ski trail. The NP recognizes that which of the follow- ing phenomena has caused the tissue damage? ANS Decreased blood flow has induced hypoxia.

30. A new older female patient at a long-term care facility has a diagnosis of

type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1). As part of the intake assessment protocol for

the facility, the clinical educator is teaching the care staff about the diag- nosis. Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of neurofibromatosis? ANS "Her diagnosis puts her at higher risk of developing a malignant neoplasm."

31. Cytoplasm

ANS composed of water, proteins, neutral fats, and glycogen.

32. Eukatyote

ANS an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus and mem- brane- bound organelles

33. Prokaryote

ANS unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

34. DNA

ANS within the nucleus, which serves as the template for making all the RNA

35. RNA

ANS later used to direct the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm.

36. Ribosomes

ANS site of protein synthesis

37. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

ANS An internal membrane system with ribo- somes on its surface where proteins are assembled