(UNE) ANCH326 Art & Architecture of the Ancient Greek & Roman World Midterm Exam Guide Q &, Exams of History

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ANCH 326

Art & Architecture of the

Ancient Greek & Roman

World

Midterm Exam Guide

Q & S

1. Multiple Choice: Which architectural style characterized the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus? a) Ionic b) Corinthian c) Doric d) Composite

Correct Answer: a) Ionic

Rationale: The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus is known for its use of the Ionic architectural style, with its distinctive scroll-like capitals on its columns.

2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The Parthenon is a temple dedicated to the goddess _____________ in the city of Athens.

Correct Answer: Athena

Rationale: The Parthenon is a famous temple dedicated to the goddess Athena in ancient Athens, showcasing the architectural prowess of the Greeks.

3. True/False: The Pantheon in Rome was originally built as a temple dedicated to all the gods.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: The Pantheon, a famous Roman temple, was indeed originally constructed as a temple for all gods by Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD.

a) Male statues b) Columns with carvings of animals c) Female figures serving as architectural supports d) Gargoyles depicting mythical creatures

Correct Answer: c) Female figures serving as architectural supports

Rationale: Caryatids are sculpted female figures used as architectural supports in place of columns, often seen in Greek and Roman architecture.

8. Fill-in-the-Blank: The Roman architectural innovation of the _____________ allowed for the construction of large, open interior spaces.

Correct Answer: Arch

Rationale: Roman arches, with their strong structural support, enabled the Romans to build grand structures like aqueducts, bridges, and amphitheaters.

9. True/False: The ancient Greeks commonly used the technique of entasis in their columns to overcome optical illusions and create a sense of perfect symmetry.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: Entasis is a slight convex curve intentionally added to columns by the Greeks to create an optical illusion of straightness and perfection.

10. Multiple Choice: Which ancient Greek artist is known for his statue of the Winged Victory of Samothrace? a) Praxiteles

b) Polykleitos c) Lysippos d) Unknown

Correct Answer: d) Unknown

Rationale: The sculptor of the Winged Victory of Samothrace remains unknown, but the statue is a celebrated example of Hellenistic sculpture.

11. Fill-in-the-Blank: The Roman architectural feature known as the _____________ was a large open public space used for gatherings and events.

Correct Answer: Forum

Rationale: The Roman Forum was a central public space in ancient Rome, serving as a hub for social, political, and commercial activities.

12. True/False: The Roman Pantheon's dome features an oculus, a circular opening at the top allowing light and air to enter the building.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: The Pantheon's oculus is a distinctive architectural feature that provides natural light and ventilation inside the building, enhancing its grandeur.

13. Multiple Choice: The Classical Orders in ancient Greek architecture include: a) Corinthian, Ionic, Doric b) Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian

d) Hadrian

Correct Answer: c) Marcus Agrippa

Rationale: Marcus Agrippa is traditionally credited with designing the original Pantheon during the reign of Augustus, although the present structure was rebuilt by Hadrian.

17. Fill-in-the-Blank: The _____________ in Rome is a massive amphitheater known for its elliptical shape and capacity to seat tens of thousands of spectators.

Correct Answer: Colosseum

Rationale: The Colosseum in Rome is an iconic amphitheater renowned for hosting gladiator contests and other public spectacles during the Roman Empire.

18. True/False: Greek temples often exhibited a bilateral symmetry, with the front and back facades designed to be identical.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: Greek temples typically followed strict rules of bilateral symmetry, ensuring that the front and rear facades were mirror images of each other.

19. Multiple Choice: The architectural style characterized by ornate columns with acanthus leaf capitals is: a) Corinthian b) Ionic c) Doric

d) Tuscan

Correct Answer: a) Corinthian

Rationale: The Corinthian order is distinguished by its elaborate columns topped with acanthus leaf capitals, known for their decorative beauty.

20. Fill-in-the-Blank: _____________ was a significant Roman innovation in construction that allowed for the creation of the vast interior spaces in structures like the Colosseum.

Correct Answer: Concrete

Rationale: Roman concrete, a strong and durable building material, revolutionized architecture by enabling the construction of large-scale buildings like the Colosseum and the Pantheon.

21. True/False: The Erechtheion on the Acropolis of Athens is notable for its Porch of the Maidens, featuring columns sculpted in the form of women.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: The Erechtheion's Porch of the Maidens showcases caryatid columns shaped like female figures, adding a unique and elegant touch to the temple's design.

22. Multiple Choice: The Emperor responsible for the construction of the Roman Forum and its major buildings was: a) Julius Caesar b) Augustus c) Trajan d) Vespasian

d) Pythagoras

Correct Answer: c) Zeno of Elea

Rationale: Zeno of Elea is credited with designing the Temple of Hera II in Paestum, showcasing the Doric architectural style in excellent preservation.

26. Fill-in-the-Blank: The _____________ is a circular space in the center of a Roman amphitheater where gladiators and wild animals were brought out for combat.

Correct Answer: Arena

Rationale: The arena in a Roman amphitheater was the central area where the gladiatorial contests and other public spectacles took place, capturing the audience's attention.

27. True/False: The Doric order is characterized by simple, unadorned columns with fluted shafts and plain capitals.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: Doric columns feature a more austere design compared to the Corinthian and Ionic orders, highlighting their straightforward and robust appearance.

28. Multiple Choice: The Roman building technique of creating barrel vaults allowed for: a) Greater natural light entry b) Enhanced structural stability c) Elaborate decorative friezes d) Increased column height

Correct Answer: b) Enhanced structural stability

Rationale: Roman barrel vaults were used to create sturdy ceilings and roof structures, providing excellent structural support for various types of buildings.

29. Fill-in-the-Blank: The Roman _____________ was a monumental triumphal arch built to commemorate Emperor Constantine's victory over Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge.

Correct Answer: Arch of Constantine

Rationale: The Arch of Constantine in Rome is a significant triumphal arch dedicated to Emperor Constantine, showcasing relief sculptures depicting his military achievements.

30. True/False: The Temple of Olympian Zeus in Athens, often referred to as the Olympieion, remains unfinished to this day, exemplifying the grandeur of ancient Greek architectural ambitions.

Correct Answer: True

Rationale: The Temple of Olympian Zeus in Athens was intended to be one of the largest Greek temples, but it was left unfinished, serving as a testament to the scale of ancient Greek architectural projects. Multiple Choice: Which architectural order is characterized by scroll-like ornaments in the capital? a) Doric b) Ionic c) Corinthian

Correct Answer: a) Cardo and Decumanus

Rationale: The cardo and decumanus were the two main streets in Roman cities, with the cardo running north-south and the decumanus east- west. True/False: The use of concrete allowed Romans to build larger and more durable structures than the Greeks.

Answer: True

Rationale: Roman use of concrete was revolutionary, allowing them to construct larger and more enduring structures compared to the stone constructions of the Greeks.

6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ is an ancient Greek theater in Athens known for its exceptional acoustics.

Correct Answer: Odeon of Herodes Atticus

Rationale: The Odeon of Herodes Atticus is renowned for its acoustics and is still used today for performances. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a feature of Greek temples? a) Pediment b) Frieze c) Minaret d) Metope

Correct Answer: c) Minaret

Rationale: Minarets are features of Islamic architecture and are not found in Greek temple design. True/False: The Colosseum in Rome could be filled with water to stage naval battles.

Answer: True

Rationale: The Colosseum had a complex system that could flood the arena for staging naumachiae, or mock naval battles. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ is the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.

Correct Answer: Pediment

Rationale: The pediment is the triangular space at the front of a building, above the horizontal structure (entablature) that rests on the columns. Multiple Choice: What was the primary material used in the construction of the Colosseum? a) Marble b) Limestone c) Travertine d) Concrete

Correct Answer: c) Travertine

Rationale: The Colosseum's primary material for the main structural elements was travertine, a form of limestone.

Rationale: While the Romans did not invent the arch, they were the first to fully realize its architectural potential and use it extensively.