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Understanding Movement Preparation - Motor Learning - Lecture Slides, Slides of Physical Education and Motor Learning

Motor Learning is one of subject which helps to understand human body in perspective of physical exercise and education. This lecture consist of following main points: Understanding Movement Preparation, Information Processing Model, Stimulus Identification Stage, Response Selection Stage, Response Programming Stage, End Result, Components of Response Time, Preparing a Response, Reaction Time, Hick's Law

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 09/02/2013

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Download Understanding Movement Preparation - Motor Learning - Lecture Slides and more Slides Physical Education and Motor Learning in PDF only on Docsity!

Understanding Movement

Preparation

Overview

  • In chapter one we talked about the abilities (or ‘hardware’) that people bring with them to motor performance
  • In chapter two we address the processes (or software) people use when attempting skilled movements - If you will work with individuals with physical or mental challenges, the performance problems are often caused by impairments in one or more of the processes

Stimulus Identification Stage

  • Stage 1: Has a stimulus been presented and what is it? - Environmental information is analyzed through senses - Performers categorize the information according to patterns - Types of objects, pattern of movement, colors

Response Selection Stage

  • Stage 2: What response, if any, should be made to the stimulus? - Based on the identification of the stimulus, the performer translates the information to the possible forms of movement output to be made - A decision is made

The End Result

  • Output!
    • Execution of the movement determined to be appropriate - The execution can be successful or unsuccessful
    • The next component of information processing is important to the next attempt to be made

Feedback!

  • As movement is initiated, intrinsic feedback can be used to make adjustments to the movement (if time permits)
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic feedback that occurs after the output occurs should influence the next attempt
  • What differences in processing demands might exist for open and closed skills?

Components of Response Time

Preparing a Response

  • Reaction Time (RT)
    • Interval of time between the moment that a stimulus is presented to when a response is initiated. - Is a good indicator of the speed and effectiveness of decision making
  • Indicative of the amount of time needed to prepare a response.
  • Influenced by several factors.
    • Number of choices
    • Strategies to create or reduce uncertainty to response

Relationship Between Number of

Stimulus-Response Alternatives and

RT

An Important Strategy

  • An important strategy that athletes use to slow down their opponent’s decision making is to increase the number of SR choices - Increase the number of different pitches - Increase the variety of spiking positions from a setter - Increase the variety of serves in racquetball or tennis

Practice and SR Compatibility

  • Amount of practice
    • The greater the amount of practice, the shorter the choice RT - Extreme amounts of practice, high level performers can become almost automatic
  • Nature of practice
    • When the same SR combinations are practiced, choice RT becomes faster

Dealing with decision-making delays

  • Anticipation!
    • The more predictable a stimulus, the quicker and more accurately a response can be made
  • Related to reducing the number of response choices as possible options are narrowed down

Effective anticipation

  • Regularity of events affects our capability to predict - Precues: warning signal or action given by a person to help us predict - ‘telegraphing’ a movement - “always” done in a particular way

Costs of Anticipation

  • Cost/benefit tradeoff: 80% probability = decreased RT
  • If wrong prep, RT will be slower as you must ‘unprepare’ the movement
  • If wrong movement is initiated: even longer response delay - Must inhibit incorrect response, prepare the correct response, and execute in the correct fashion