BIOLOGY 1107 TEST 2 REVIEW SPRING 2011
USE THIS INFORMATION ONLY AS A GUIDE TO THE COVERED TOPICS!!
Chapter 5:
-Understand what is meant by ‘fluid mosaic’ in reference to membranes.
-Know the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipids, and the term amphipathic.
-Again, know the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats, and the effects of unsaturated fats
on membrane fluidity.
- How does cholesterol affect the properties of membranes.
- What are integrins.
- What is meant by selective permeability of membranes (contrast polar vs nonpolar molecules here).
- What is diffusion, facilitated and non-facilitated.
- What is the difference between active and passive transport.
- What is osmosis.
-What is tonicity and the three states of tonicity.
- What is osmoregulation.
- What are aquaporins. Relate to facilitated diffusion and formation of a pore (tunnel) or binding of a
solute.
- How do you move a solute against its concentration gradient (relaye to transport protein).
- Contrast endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Contrast pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
- What is energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy.
- What is chemical energy.
- What is the first law of thermaodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, and entropy. What
prevents complete entropy.
- Contrast exergonic vs endergonic chemical reactions.
- What is metabolism, and what is a metabolic pathway.
- What is energy coupling.
- Contrast hydrolysisvs dehydration reactions.
- What is meant by ‘energy of activation’.
- What are enzymes (relate to energy of activation). Know what an active site on an enzyme is.
- What is meant by ‘indiced fit’.
- How do heat and temperature affect enzymes, and what is meant here by denature.
- Contrast cofactors and coenzymes.
- Contrast competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibitors.
- What is feedback inhibition.
Chapter 6:
- What is the metabolic difference between slow vs fast muscle fibers.
- Contrast breathing and cellular respiration.
- Is cellular respiration exergocic or endergonic and why.
- What is a kcal, specifically.
- How is cellular respiration different from simply ‘burning’ glucose (fire).
- Contrast oxidation vs reduction (loss vs gain of electrons).
- Know the summary equation for cellular respiration as well an what is being oxidized and what is
being reduced.
- What is a dehydrogenase and how is it related to NAD+, for example. Also, is NAD+ oxidized or
reduced.
- What are NADH and FADH2.
- For glycolysis:
-where does it occur
- what is meant by energy investment phase vs energy payoff phase.
