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UNCW BIO 201 Exam 1 | University of North
Carolina Wilmington – Full Study Guide with
Questions and Answers
- What are the two structural forms that monosaccharides like glucose can take? branched and straight single and double solid and liquid linear and ring
- What do most genes encode that is crucial for protein production? DNA mRNAs rRNA tRNA
- Describe the significance of primitive cells in the context of the evolution of life on Earth. Primitive cells are a type of organelle found in complex cells. Primitive cells are significant as they represent the earliest forms of life, from which more complex organisms evolved. Primitive cells are the most advanced forms of life on Earth. Primitive cells are responsible for the development of
multicellular organisms.
- Which organelle contains acid hydrolases? Lysosomes
Eukaryotic cells lack any cytoplasm. Bacterial cells have multiple compartments in their cytoplasm.
- What is the primary function of a uniporter in cellular transport? Facilitates the movement of ions only Transports molecules against their concentration gradient Moves one particular molecule Moves multiple molecules simultaneously
- Describe how the Golgi Apparatus contributes to the overall function of a cell. The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for DNA replication. The Golgi Apparatus detoxifies harmful substances in the cell. The Golgi Apparatus synthesizes lipids for energy storage. The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
- Describe the location and significance of the stroma in chloroplasts. The stroma is a type of protein that helps in the synthesis of glucose. The stroma is found outside the chloroplast and is involved in cellular respiration. The stroma is located inside the inner membrane of the chloroplast and is essential for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. The stroma is the outer membrane of the chloroplast that protects it from damage.
- Describe the significance of horizontal gene transfer in the context of evolutionary biology. Horizontal gene transfer is the same as vertical gene transfer. Horizontal gene transfer only occurs in prokaryotes. Horizontal gene transfer is a method of DNA replication. Horizontal gene transfer allows for genetic diversity and adaptation among different species.
- What are the four qualifiers that define life? Growth, reproduction, energy, and homeostasis. Metabolism, adaptation, evolution, and cells. Homeostasis, adaptation, reproduction, and energy. Metabolism, growth, reproduction, and cells.
- Describe the significance of Horizontal Gene Transfer in the context of antibiotic resistance among bacteria. Horizontal Gene Transfer is a process that only occurs in eukaryotic cells. Horizontal Gene Transfer is a slow process that does not affect bacterial evolution. Horizontal Gene Transfer allows for the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations, enhancing survival against antibiotics. Horizontal Gene Transfer is unrelated to antibiotic resistance.
- What are the three domains of life according to biological classification? Fungi, Protists, and Bacteria
Ernest Rutherford established the concept of isotonic solutions in biological systems. Ernest Rutherford proposed the planetary model of the atom, which explained electron orbits.
- Linnaeus' taxonomic system specifies a name unique to each organism. The first part of the name is the organism's _________ name and the second is it's ____________ name. Genus; order Family; genus Species; family Genus; species Kingdom, Domain
- What type of protein structure does hemoglobin exhibit? Primary structure Quaternary structure Tertiary structure Secondary structure
- Describe the significance of macromolecules in the composition of cells. Macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are essential for cell structure and function. Macromolecules do not play a significant role in cellular composition. Only proteins are significant in cellular composition. Macromolecules are only important for energy storage in cells.
- What type of bond is formed between a cation and an anion? Covalent bond Hydrogen bond Ionic bond Metallic bond
- What unit is used to measure atomic mass? Kilograms (kg) Grams (g) Daltons (Da) Moles (mol)
- Describe how active transport differs from passive transport in terms of energy usage. Active transport only occurs in plant cells, while passive transport occurs in animal cells. Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their gradient. Active transport and passive transport both require energy to function. Active transport moves substances along their gradient without energy, while passive transport requires energy to move against the gradient.
- What are the four interacting parts of eukaryotic cells mentioned in the provided text?
- Describe the significance of orbitals in understanding electron behavior in atoms. Orbitals are fixed paths that electrons follow around the nucleus. Orbitals are regions where only protons are located. Orbitals determine the mass of an atom. Orbitals help explain the probability distribution of electrons around the nucleus, influencing chemical bonding.
- What does the cell theory state about the origin of new cells? New cells are formed during photosynthesis. New cells are created from energy. New cells come from pre-existing cells. New cells arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
- In a laboratory experiment, you observe that two nonpolar molecules are attracted to each other. Which type of bond is primarily responsible for this interaction? Ionic bond Covalent bond Van der Waals bond Hydrogen bond
- What term is used to describe the first living organisms on Earth? multicellular organisms prokaryotic cells primitive cells
eukaryotic cells
- Describe the relationship between genes and proteins in the context of biological functions. Genes are made up of proteins that determine their function. Proteins are unrelated to genes and function independently in the cell. Genes encode the information necessary to synthesize proteins, which perform various functions in the cell. Proteins can be synthesized without the instructions from genes.
- What is the process called where proteins are synthesized using the information from mRNA? Transcription Replication Translation Translocation
- What type of proteins are responsible for facilitating the transport of substances across cell membranes? Structural proteins Enzymes Receptor proteins Transport proteins
- Describe the role of nucleotides in the structure of nucleic acids. Nucleotides are involved in protein synthesis by forming peptide bonds.
Gene Chromosome
- Describe the significance of the three domains of life in biological classification. The three domains of life categorize all living organisms based on fundamental differences in their cellular structure and genetic makeup. The three domains of life are used to classify organisms based on their habitat. The three domains of life represent the evolutionary history of organisms. The three domains of life are determined by the size of the organisms.
- Describe the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in terms of cellular structure. Eukaryotic organisms have simpler structures than prokaryotic organisms. Prokaryotic organisms lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic organisms have a defined nucleus. Prokaryotic organisms are always unicellular, while eukaryotic organisms can be multicellular. Prokaryotic organisms have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic organisms do not.
- In which domain are eukaryotic organisms classified? Archaea Eukarya
Protista Bacteria
- What type of bonds are involved in the tertiary structure of proteins? Peptide bonds and glycosidic bonds Hydrophobic interactions and ester bonds Covalent bonds and van der Waals forces Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges
- What type of signals do proteins that function in the ER contain in addition to the ER signal sequence? binding signals transport signals export signals retention signals
- What is the definition of an orbital in the context of atomic structure? The path an electron takes around the nucleus. The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons. The energy level of an electron in an atom. The physical region of space where an electron may be found.
- Describe the significance of the polar hydrophilic region in the structure of phospholipids. The polar hydrophilic region is responsible for energy storage in cells. The polar hydrophilic region aids in the synthesis of proteins.
prokaryotes and eukaryotes prokaryotes eukaryotes viruses
- What organelle is responsible for generating a proton gradient using light energy? Mitochondria Chloroplast Nucleus Ribosome
- What are the main types of macromolecules that make up cells? Only proteins and carbohydrates Water and minerals Nucleic acids and lipids only Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and water
- What role do electrons play in the formation of chemical bonds? They determine the mass of the atom. They are the primary source of energy in cells. They are responsible for the color of compounds. They help predict interactions between atoms.
- Describe the nature of a Van der Waals bond and how it differs from covalent bonds.
A Van der Waals bond is a strong bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons, unlike covalent bonds. A Van der Waals bond is a type of ionic bond that occurs in polar molecules. A Van der Waals bond is a weak attraction between molecules due to transient local partial charges, unlike covalent bonds which involve the sharing of electrons. A Van der Waals bond is a permanent bond formed between two atoms sharing multiple pairs of electrons.
- What are the three components that constitute the polar hydrophilic region of a phospholipid molecule? Phosphate group, charged nitrogen-containing region, and a glycerol backbone. Glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids. Fatty acid tails, cholesterol, and sphingolipids. Steroid rings, phosphate group, and fatty acid tails.
- What is the primary function of an antiporter in cellular transport? Facilitate passive diffusion of molecules Swap ions back and forth in different directions Synthesize proteins within the cell Transport molecules in one direction only
- Summarize the main idea of the cell theory regarding cell reproduction. The cell theory proposes that cells can reproduce through photosynthesis.
Most genes encode mRNAs that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Genes directly produce proteins without any intermediates. Genes encode only structural components of cells, not proteins. Proteins are synthesized from DNA without the involvement of mRNAs.
- Describe the significance of the linear and ring forms of monosaccharides in biological systems. Monosaccharides only exist in a linear form in biological systems. The ring form is only found in disaccharides, not monosaccharides. The linear and ring forms of monosaccharides are important because they influence how sugars interact and function in biological processes. The linear form is less stable than the ring form, making it less relevant in biology.
- Where does ribosome assembly take place within the cell? endoplasmic reticulum nucleolus nucleus cytoplasm
- Describe the significance of Ca2+ being stored in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca2+ in the smooth ER helps in the synthesis of lipids.
Ca2+ storage in the smooth ER is unrelated to cellular processes. Ca2+ in the smooth ER is primarily for energy production. Ca2+ storage in the smooth ER is crucial for regulating calcium levels in the cell, which is important for various cellular functions.
- What is osmotic pressure primarily dependent on? Presence of proteins in the cell membrane pH level of the solution Solute concentration on the inside and outside of the cell Temperature of the solution
- Describe the significance of the domain Eukarya in the classification of life forms. The domain Eukarya is synonymous with the kingdom Animalia. The domain Eukarya is characterized by organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The domain Eukarya consists only of unicellular organisms. The domain Eukarya includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotes.
- Describe the interaction that leads to the formation of an ionic bond. An ionic bond forms when two metals combine to share electrons. An ionic bond occurs when two atoms share electrons equally. An ionic bond forms when a cation donates an electron to an anion, resulting in an electrostatic attraction between the
