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operant conditioning ✔✔learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
classical conditioning ✔✔a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
positive reinforcement ✔✔Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food or a toy.
positive reinforcer ✔✔any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response
negative reinforcement ✔✔the removal of an adverse stimulus which is 'rewarding' to the animal or person. It strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience.'
negative punishment ✔✔a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after a specific undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future.
positive punishment ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
Aversive ✔✔Any circumstance or event that causes pain, fear, or emotional discomfort. Tending to avoid or causing avoidance of a noxious or punishing stimulus.
Back-chaining ✔✔The transfer of control of a learned response from one cue to another cue that consistently occurs prior to the first cue.
Captured behavior ✔✔Reinforcing an animal in the act of performing the complete behavior.
Chaining ✔✔A series of individual behaviors in which an animal is trained to perform in sequence. Each behavior provides the cue for the next behavior, and only the last behavior in the chain results in delivery of a primary reinforcer.
fixed interval ✔✔A schedule of reinforcement, which sets the rule that reinforcement is delivered immediately following the first response exhibited after a specific interval of time has passed.
fixed ratio ✔✔A schedule of reinforcement, which sets the rule that reinforcement is delivered following the final response after a fixed number of responses have occurred.
Flooding ✔✔A form of behavior therapy, based on the principles of respondent extinction, in which a subject is exposed, usually at full intensity, to an aversive stimulus, where escape behavior is prevented, until escape responding ceases.
Habituation ✔✔The diminishing of an instinctive response to a frequently repeated stimulus. Therefore people or animals become used to something, so that they no longer find it unpleasant or think it is a threat
intermittent reinforcement ✔✔Reinforcement is given only part of the time a subject gives the desired response.
interval reinforcement ✔✔It is a schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
Latency ✔✔the time between the cue and the beginning of the pet's response, the behavior.
neutral stimulus ✔✔A stimulus that does not evoke or elicit the behavior in question.
Premack Principle ✔✔A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high- probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.
antecedent ✔✔Any stimulus present in the environment before the behavior occurs
ABC of behavior ✔✔Antecedents, Behavior and Consequences.
extinction burst ✔✔The phenomena of behavior temporarily or briefly getting worse not better when a previously rewarded behavior is not rewarded
random reinforcement ✔✔The reward is not given every time when the behavior happens
How many rounds of vaccines do puppies need to be fully immunized? ✔✔ 3
What is the average gestation period for a dog? ✔✔63 days
What may cause bone and joint abnormalities in large breed puppies? ✔✔Overfeeding and over supplementing
When do dogs typically experience their first heat cycles? ✔✔6-9 months
When should puppies receive their first Parvovirus vaccine? ✔✔5-7 weeks
When should puppies receive their first set of vaccinations ✔✔6-8 weeks
When should puppies begin strength exercise (like fetch)? ✔✔after 6 months
True or False: An exercise program for puppies should not include long play periods or strenuous exercise ✔✔True. An exercise program for puppies shouldn't include strenuous exercise or long play periods
Describe the benefits of neutering male dogs. ✔✔helps stop overpopulation, less roaming, less territorial marking, less aggression towards male dogs, prevents prostate problems, no chance of testicular cancer
Describe the benefits of spaying female dogs ✔✔helps stop overpopulation, prevents hormonal mood swings, prevents pyometra (infection of uterus); if dog is spayed before 1st heat cycle it reduces the chance of mammary cancer
How much fat does the average adult dog need in his diet? ✔✔5%
How much fat does a puppy need in his diet? ✔✔8%
How much protein does the average adult dog need? ✔✔18%
How much protein does a puppy need? ✔✔22%
When feeding, adult dogs should ____________ than puppies/adolescents ✔✔eat less than puppies/adolescent
Why is fiber important in a canine's diet? ✔✔Helps intestinal contents absorb water, forming stools which are readily expelled.
You should stop feeding large breed puppy food when puppy has reached ________ of anticipated adult weight. ✔✔80%
True or False: Only animal source proteins are complete. ✔✔True
True or False: You should always follow the recommended serving amount on dog food bags? ✔✔False: you should NOT, most dog foods recommend TOO much food
About ________ of adult dogs who get distemper die from the disease? ✔✔50%
About ______ of puppies who get distemper die from the disease? ✔✔80%
All are symptoms of Parvovirus EXCEPT:
A) Bloody Diarrhea
B) Dehydration
C) Increased appetite
D) Vomiting ✔✔Increased Appetite is not a symptom of Parvovirus
All are symptoms of whipworms EXCEPT:
A) Potbelly
B) Weight Loss
C) Anemia
D) Diarrhea ✔✔Potbelly is not a symptom of Whipworms
Animals infected with leptospirosis shed large amounts of bacteria in their _______ ✔✔Urine
Canine Adenovirus and Canine Panainfluenza Virus can cause ________. ✔✔Kennel Cough
Dogs that survive distemper may develop one of the following permanent disabilities EXCEPT:
Is the kennel cough vaccination foolproof? ✔✔No, but vaccinated dogs who get kennel cough have milder symptoms.
Kennel Cough can also be caused by a bacterium called ______. ✔✔Bordetella Bronchiseptica
Kennel Cough typically lasts for ______ ✔✔7-10 days
Lyme Disease is spread by ______. ✔✔Ticks
Name a symptom of cornavirus. ✔✔Diarrhea
Nutraceuticals like glucosamine are used to treat ___________. ✔✔Arthritis
Kennel Cough can impair defenses of lungs, allowing bacteria to enter the lung, replicate and cause ______________. ✔✔Pneumonia
Untreated Lyme Disease can cause what? ✔✔Permanent Lameness
Up to ____________ of ticks in NE, Mid-Atlantic, North-Central and Pacific Coast carry Lyme Disease. ✔✔40%
What are giardia, leptospirosis and rabies examples of? ✔✔Zoonotic Diseases
What are the signs that a dog has roundworm? ✔✔Potbelly and Dry Coat, Weight loss, Increased or Loss of Appetite
What are the signs that a dog has tapeworm? ✔✔Weight Loss and Diarrhea
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease ✔✔Lameness and Arthritis
What are the two main symptoms of Infectious Canine Hepatitis? ✔✔Diarrhea and Tremors
What happens to a dog with GDV? ✔✔Dog's stomach fills with gas/food, expands then rotates, trapping gas inside stomach and cutting off blood supply to organs
When are ticks most active? ✔✔May - Sept
What are symptom of leptospirosis? ✔✔Fever/chills, Diarrhea/Vomiting/Bloody Urine, Lethargy
What is a symptom of distemper? ✔✔Pneumonia, Diarrhea, Tremors
What is a symptom of Rabies? ✔✔Aggression, Salivation, Paralysis
Which of the following statements is false? Obesity in dogs can ______________________________?
A) Cause impaired mobility?
B) Lower the risk of arthritis?
C) Cause Kidney disease
D) Increase the risk of heart disease ✔✔Lower the risk of arthritis
Your dog has a persistent, hacking cough. When should you call the vet? ✔✔After 24 hours
True or False: Even with medical care, the outcome of leptospirosis is always fatal. ✔✔False: its not fatal if animals receives medical care
True or False: Giving joint supplements to young dogs is recommended. ✔✔False: if a young dog has joint damage, supplements could mask the pain and delay diagnosis or treatment
True or False: Humans can get leptospirosis. ✔✔True
True or False: Dogs cannot transmit Kennel Cough if they cough soon after receiving the kennel cough vaccine. ✔✔False: Dogs CAN transmit the disease if they cough after vaccination
True or False: Lyme Disease is a virus. ✔✔False: Its a bacteria
True or False: Sneezing and pneumonia are symptoms of Kennel Cough. ✔✔False: Coughing and Pneumonia are symptoms of Kennel Cough
True or False: Vaccinated puppies can still contract parvovirus. ✔✔True:
Greyhounds, poodles, and salukis are ________ breeds. ✔✔Dolichocephalic
By smelling another dog, dogs can identify all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Sex
B) Breed
C) Age
D) Health and Reproductive State ✔✔Breed
Brachycephalic ✔✔Short head or broad headed
Dogs are more likely to see ________ objects and ignore _______ objects. (small, stationary, moving) ✔✔moving, stationary
The area inside of a dog's nose is _______ times larger than ours ✔✔ 14
True or False: Dogs are color blind ✔✔False: Dogs are NOT color blind, but it is harder for them to distinguish between certain colors (i.e. red and green look similar.
True or False: Humans can see better than dogs ✔✔True
True or False: The part of a dog's brain that processes scent is larger than ours. ✔✔True
How is a dog's hearing different from that of a human? ✔✔Dogs hear noise from greater distances, hears a higher range of frequences (ie. prey squeaks/silent whistles); more sensitive to sound and can develop sound phobias, thunder, fireworks, etc
Explain why dogs can see better than people at night. ✔✔Dogs have a reflective layer at the back of the eye that traps any light entering and allows them to make more use of it.
If a client asks for recommendation regarding the vaccination protocol for a new puppy, the instructor should tell them what? ✔✔they should suggest discussing vaccination protocols with a veterinarian.
Canine Parvovirus is most commonly seen in ______ ✔✔puppies
