Download UConn - Biology 1107 Gski Midterm Exam with solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Meiosis |(short) |- |correct |answer |-✔In |short, |is |the |production |of |sperm |and |eggs. Gametes |- |correct |answer |-✔Sperm |and |Eggs Mitosis |- |correct |answer |-✔Leads |to |the |ruction |of |all |other |cell |types |(not |sex |cells). Somatic |cells |- |correct |answer |-✔Any |cell |that |is |not |a |sex |cell. Chromosome |- |correct |answer |-✔Threadlike |structure |which |consists |of |DNA |wrapped |wrapped |around |proteins. Histones |- |correct |answer |-✔The |proteins |that |chromosomes |are |wrapped |around. Chromatid |- |correct |answer |-✔Double-stranded |DNA |copies |in |a |replicated |chromosome. Sister |chromatids |- |correct |answer |-✔Chromatid |copies |that |remain |attached |at |their |centromere.
M-phase |- |correct |answer |-✔Phase |of |mitosis |in |which |cells |are |in |the |process |of |separating |their |chromosomes. Interphase |- |correct |answer |-✔Phases |that |is |not |M |phase, |no |dramatic |changes |here |besides |the |chromosomes |uncoiling |into |long |thin |structures. S-phase |- |correct |answer |-✔A |part |of |interphase |in |which |the |genetic |material |is |copied |and |then |separated |in |the |M |phase. Cytokinesis |- |correct |answer |-✔The |division |of |cytoplasm |into |two |distinct |cells |(this |takes |place |after |mitosis |or |meiosis |yet |it |is |its |own |separate |process). G0 |Phase |- |correct |answer |-✔An |eternal |form |of |G |phase |in |which |a |cell |remains |in |this |state, |halted |from |further |division. Chromatin |- |correct |answer |-✔The |DNA-histone |complex |that |is |stretched |to |long, |thin |strands |during |interphase. Prophase |- |correct |answer |-✔The |first |part |of |mitosis |in |which |chromosomes |condense |into |compact |structures, |spindle |apparatuses |are |formed Spindle |apparatus |- |correct |answer |-✔Structure |that |produces |mechanical |forces.
Apoptosis |- |correct |answer |-✔programmed |cell |death Cancer |- |correct |answer |-✔The |general |term |for |disease |caused |by |unlimited |cellular |reproduction.. Meiosis |- |correct |answer |-✔The |nuclear |division |that |leads |to |halving |of |chromosome |number |and |ultimately |to |the |production |of |sperm |and |egg. Sex |chromosomes |- |correct |answer |-✔X |and |Y |chromosomes |(23rd). Autosomes |- |correct |answer |-✔Any |other |chromosomes |besides |the |sex |chromosomes. Homologs |- |correct |answer |-✔Chromosomes |that |are |the |same |size |and |shape. |Can |be |paired. Gene |- |correct |answer |-✔A |segment |of |DNA |found |at |a |specific |place |on |a |chromosome, |that |influences |a |hereditary |trait. Allele |- |correct |answer |-✔Different |forms |of |a |gene. Karotype |- |correct |answer |-✔The |total |number |and |types |of |chromosomes. Diploid |- |correct |answer |-✔Organism |that |have |two |versions |of |each |type |of |chromosomes.
Haploid |- |correct |answer |-✔Cells |that |contain |just |one |type |of |chromosome. Haploid |Number |- |correct |answer |-✔Number |of |distinct |chromosomes |in |a |cell. Ploidy |- |correct |answer |-✔The |number |of |chromosome |sets. Meiosis |I |- |correct |answer |-✔Causes |the |homologs |of |each |chromosome |pair |to |separate |so |that |one |homolog |goes |to |each |daughter |cell. Meiosis |II |- |correct |answer |-✔The |sister |chromatids |of |each |chromosomes |separate; |one |to |each |daughter |cell |resulting |in |four |total |daughter |cells |from |meiosis |I. |There |is |no |DNA |replication, |but |instead |just |separation |in |the |daughter |cells |of |meiosis |I. Zygote |- |correct |answer |-✔The |diploid |cell |that |results |from |fertilization. Prophase |I |- |correct |answer |-✔The |chromosomes |condense, |and |the |nuclear |envelope |breaks |down. |crossing-over |occurs. Crossing |over |- |correct |answer |-✔The |process |by |which |chromosomes |exchange |between |homologs. Metaphase |I |- |correct |answer |-✔Pairs |of |homologous |chromosomes |move |to |the |equator |of |the |cell.
5' |to |3' |Strand |- |correct |answer |-✔This |is |the |direction |that |DNA |will |always |be |synthesized |forward |or |back. Origin |of |replication |- |correct |answer |-✔This |is |where |the |replication |bubble |begins, |and |where |replication |begins. Replication |fork |- |correct |answer |-✔The |y-shaped |region |where |the |parental |DNA |double |helix |is |separated |into |single |strands |and |copied. DNA |Helicase |- |correct |answer |-✔The |enzyme |that |break |the |hydrogen |bonds |between |base |pairs |created |the |replication |bubble. Single |strand |DNA |binding |proteins |- |correct |answer |-✔Proteins |that |attach |to |separated |strands |to |keep |them |from |snapping |back |into |the |double |helix. Primer |- |correct |answer |-✔An |RNA |strand |that |provides |DNA |polymerase |with |a |3' |hydroxyl |allowing |it |to |synthesize |DNA. Leading |strand |- |correct |answer |-✔The |new |continuous |complementary |DNA |strand |synthesized |along |the |template |strand |in |the |mandatory |5' |to |3' |direction. Lagging |strand |- |correct |answer |-✔A |discontinuously |synthesized |DNA |strand |that |elongates |by |means |of |Okazaki |fragments, |each |synthesized |in |a |5' |to |3' |direction |away |from |the |replication |fork.
Okazaki |fragment |- |correct |answer |-✔Short |DNAs |attached |to |RNA |primers. DNA |ligase |- |correct |answer |-✔An |enzyme |that |catalyzes |the |formation |of |a |phosphodiester |bond |between |the |adjacent |fragments. |(glues |fragments |of |DNA) Telomere |- |correct |answer |-✔The |region |at |the |end |of |a |eukaryotic |chromosome. Telomerase |- |correct |answer |-✔An |enzyme |that |catalyzes |the |lengthening |of |telomeres |in |eukaryotic |stem |cells, |cancer |cells, |and |gametes Proofreading |- |correct |answer |-✔The |ability |of |DNA |polymerase |to |recognize |and |remove |an |incorrect |nucleotide. Frame |shift |mutation |- |correct |answer |-✔mutation |that |shifts |the |"reading" |frame |of |the |genetic |message |by |inserting |or |deleting |a |nucleotide Nonsense |mutation |- |correct |answer |-✔A |mutation |that |changes |an |amino |acid |codon |to |one |of |the |three |stop |codons, |resulting |in |a |shorter |and |usually |nonfunctional |protein. Beneficial |mutations |- |correct |answer |-✔Mutations |that |increase |the |fitness |of |an |organism. Translocation |- |correct |answer |-✔An |event |in |which |chromosomes |become |attach |to |different |chromosomes.
