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UCF BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY RATED & A+ GRADED
DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes
in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that -^ CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor
It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar
forms found on the nearest continent. This is taken as evidence that -^ CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Island forms and mainland forms descended from common ancestors
Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the wing of a bird? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Flipper of a cetacean
In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> More recently they share a common ancestor
Charles Darwin was the first person to propose - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A mechanism for
evolution that was supported by evidence
Which naturalist synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Alfred Wallace
Darwin's mechanism of natural selection required long time spans in order to modify species.
From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age? -^ CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Charles Lyell
Tropical grasslands with scattered trees are known as - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Savannas
Which biome is able to support many large animals despite receiving moderate amounts of
rainfall? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Savanna
Which of the following organisms is the most likely candidate for geographic isolation? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Land snail
The main reason polar regions are cooler than the equator is because - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle
Which of the following is responsible for the summer and winter stratification of deep
temeprate lakes? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Water is densest at 4 celsius
In temperate lakes, the surface water is replenished with nutrients during turnovers that occur
in the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Autumn and spring
Which of the following abiotic factors has the greatest influence on the metabolic rates of plants
and animals? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Temperature
Which of the following are important abiotic factors that can affect the structure and
organization of biological communities? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Predation, competition
Which of the following is a structure that permits conjugation to occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> Sex pilus
Not present in all bacteria, this structure enables those that possess it to germinate after
exposure to harsh conditions, such as boiling. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Endospore
Not present in all bacteria, this cell covering enables cells that possess it to resist the defenses
of host organisms: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Capsule
Which of the following requires ATP to function, and permits some species to respond to taxes?
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Flagellum
Which statement about the genomes of prokaryotes is correct? -^ CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Prokaryotic genomes are composed of linear DNA (that is, DNA existing in the form of a line
with two ends). Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from those present in eukaryotic cytosol. Because of this, which of
the following is correct? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Some selective antibiotics can block
protein synthesis of bacteria without effects on protein synthesis in the eukaryotic host.
The typical prokaryotic flagellum features - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A complex "motor"
embedded in the cell wall and plasma membrane
Which is the most common compound in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Peptidoglycan
Which is the bacterial structures that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the
cell and wastes to leave the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Plasma membrane Mycoplasmas
are bacteria that lack cell walls. On the basis of this structural feature, which statement
concerning mycoplasmas should be true? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> They are
subject to lysis in hypotonic conditions
Emerging viruses arise by - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Mutation of existing viruses, the spread
of existing viruses to new host species, and the spread of existing viruses more widely within their host species. Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and
viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Genetic material composed of nucleic acid
Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following
properties? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Interference with the viral reproduction
Which of the following is the best predictor of how much damage a virus causes? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> Ability of the infected cell to undergo normal cell division
What are prions? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Misfolded versions of normal brain protein
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> It
uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis What is the name given to viruses that are single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA
synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Retroviruses
A frameshift mutation could result from - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Either an insertion or
deletion of a base
Sickle-cell disease is probably the result of which kind of mutation? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Point
What is the most abundant type of RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> rRNA
In the structural organization of many eukaryotic genes, individual exons may be related to
which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The various domains of the polypeptide
product
Alternative RNA splicing - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Can allow the production of proteins of
different sizes from a single mRNA During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> RNA
What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called? -^ CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Exons
What is a ribozyme? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An RNA with enzymatic activity
Which of the following helps to stabilize mRNA by inhibiting its degradation? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> 5' cap and poly (A) tail
Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Several transcription factors (TFs)
In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in
transcription of mRNA for a globin protein? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> RNA polymerase II
The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this could be found
if which of the following is true? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> If UGA, usually a stop codon, is
found to code for an amino acid such as tryptophan (usually coded for by UGG only).
The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> ATP, RNA, and DNA
Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected
individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Why do histones bind tightly to DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Histones are positively
charged and DNA is negatively charged
Which of the following help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Single-strand binding proteins
Why does the DNA double helix have a uniform diameter? -^ CORRECT ANSWER^ >>> Purines
pair with pyrimidines When T2 phages infect bacteria and make more viruses in the presence of radioactive sulfur,
what is the result? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The viral proteins will be radioactive
Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the following discovery? Phage with labeled proteins or DNA was allowed to infect bacteria. It was shown that the DNA, but not
the protein, entered the bacterial cells, and was therefore concluded to be the genetic material.
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made
use of which of the following facts? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> DNA contains phosphorus but
protein does not
What does transformation involve in bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Assimilation of
external DNA into a cell The frequency of Down syndrome in the human population is most closely correlated with
which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Age of the mother
Women with Turner syndrome have a genotype characterized as which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> A karyotype of 45, X
A cell that has 2n+1 chromosomes is - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Trisomic
New combinations of linked genes are due to - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Crossing over
Calico cats are female because - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A male inherits only one of the two
X-linked genes controlling hair colour
SRY is best described in which of the following ways? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A gene region
present on the Y chromosome that triggers male development
