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Physiology Study Guide: Important Terms and Concepts for HPNU 3060, Exams of Physiology

California State University (CSU) - SacramentoPhysiology

This study guide provides definitions and explanations of key terms and concepts related to physiology, focusing on important topics for the hpnu 3060 course. It covers various aspects of cell signaling, including ligand-receptor interactions, signal transduction pathways, and the differences between chemical and electrical communication. The guide also includes definitions for terms like specificity, affinity, competition, saturation, autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, hormone, neurotransmitter, neurohormone, cytokine, lipophilic, lipophobic, cascade, amplification, agonist, antagonist, upregulation, downregulation, tonic, and phasic. It also explains the differences between hormones and cytokines, ion gates and g proteins, and provides a step-by-step breakdown of the signal pathway from outside the cell to the target inside the cell.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/12/2025

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UCCS Physiology (HPNU 3060)
CH6 Important Terms And
Concepts Test Study Guide
ligand - Answer A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger
one.
receptor - Answer protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in
response
Specificity - Answer particular exercises and activities improve particular areas of
health-related fitness
Affinity - Answer an attraction to
Competition - Answer the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with
limited resources
Saturation - Answer the state or process that occurs when no more of something can be
absorbed, combined with, or added.
Autocrine - Answer term for hormones that act on same cells that secrete them
Paracrine - Answer term for hormones that acts on a neighboring cell.
Endocrine - Answer secreting internally
Hormone - Answer Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine
glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another
Neurotransmitter - Answer
Neurohormone - Answer
Cytokine - Answer
Lipophilic - Answer
Lipophobic - Answer
Cascade - Answer
Amplification - Answer
Agonist - Answer
pf3

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UCCS Physiology (HPNU 3060)

CH6 Important Terms And

Concepts Test Study Guide

ligand - Answer A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one. receptor - Answer protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response Specificity - Answer particular exercises and activities improve particular areas of health-related fitness Affinity - Answer an attraction to Competition - Answer the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources Saturation - Answer the state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed, combined with, or added. Autocrine - Answer term for hormones that act on same cells that secrete them Paracrine - Answer term for hormones that acts on a neighboring cell. Endocrine - Answer secreting internally Hormone - Answer Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another Neurotransmitter - Answer Neurohormone - Answer Cytokine - Answer Lipophilic - Answer Lipophobic - Answer Cascade - Answer Amplification - Answer Agonist - Answer

Antagonist - Answer upregulation - Answer Downregulation - Answer Tonic - Answer Phasic - Answer Difference between hormone and cytokine - Answer both hormones and cytokines serve as signaling molecules, hormones typically have a broader and longer-lasting impact on various physiological processes through the bloodstream, whereas cytokines usually have more localized and often shorter-term effects related to immune and inflammatory responses. Difference between ion gates and G proteins - Answer ion channels directly control ion movement to influence cell activity almost instantly, while G proteins facilitate a more complex and often slower signaling process that can lead to a variety of cellular responses. Signal pathway from outside of cell to target inside of cell - Answer 1. Reception

  1. Transduction
  2. Second Messenger
  3. Amplification
  4. Response
  5. Termination Difference between chemical and electrical communication (modes of transmission) - Answer Chemical communication uses molecules to convey messages, while electrical communication relies on changes in membrane potential and ion flow. Difference between chemical and electrical communication (speed) - Answer Electrical signals travel faster than chemical signals because they involve direct changes in ion concentration across membranes. Difference between chemical and electrical communication (duration) - Answer Chemical signals can have longer-lasting effects due to their potential for prolonged interaction with receptors, whereas electrical signals are typically brief and reset quickly. Difference between chemical and electrical communication (specificity) - Answer Chemical communication is often more specific due to receptor-ligand interactions, whereas electrical communication can be less specific but allows for rapid and coordinated responses across multiple cells.