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UCCS Human Physiology Chapter 12 Study Set Exam: Muscle Physiology, Exams of Physiology

This study set covers key concepts in muscle physiology, including the types of muscle, muscle contraction mechanisms, energy systems for muscle contraction, and the differences between skeletal and smooth muscle. It includes questions and answers that test understanding of these topics, making it a valuable resource for students studying human physiology.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/12/2025

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UCCS Human Physiology
Chapter 12 Study Set Exam
What are the 3 types of muscle? - Answer Cardiac-striated
Skeletal-striated
Smooth-not striated
What is a muscle antagonism? - Answer Flexor extensor pairs (bicep/tricep)
What is the organization of a sarcomere? - Answer Z disks-set border for sarcomere
I Band- a region containing only thin filament (actin)
A Band- the area that has both thin and thick fibers
H Zone-the area consisting of only thick fibers
How does muscle cross-bridging work? - Answer Myosin reaches over and binds to an
actin strand
What are the three major steps leading up to muscle contraction? - Answer Release,
Binding, Powerstroke (maybe, unsure)
Explain excitation contraction coupling - Answer The elctrical stimulation of muscle
fibers due to an action potential causes the binding of Ca+2 and causes muscle
contraction
Explain the contraction-relaxation cycle - Answer Ca ions bind and cause muscle
contraction. Ions are removed via ATP and the muscle fiber relaxes
What part of sarcomere contraction requires ATP? - Answer Relaxation
What actions required for skeletal muscle contraction require ATP (3 actions)? - Answer
1. Crossbridge formation and detachment
2. Ca ion pumping
3. Relaxation and tropomyosin re-covering
How is calcium removed from the cytosol? - Answer ATP pumps Ca into the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
What are the 3 NRG systems for muscle contraction? - Answer 1. Phosphocreatine
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UCCS Human Physiology

Chapter 12 Study Set Exam

What are the 3 types of muscle? - Answer Cardiac-striated Skeletal-striated Smooth-not striated What is a muscle antagonism? - Answer Flexor extensor pairs (bicep/tricep) What is the organization of a sarcomere? - Answer Z disks-set border for sarcomere I Band- a region containing only thin filament (actin) A Band- the area that has both thin and thick fibers H Zone-the area consisting of only thick fibers How does muscle cross-bridging work? - Answer Myosin reaches over and binds to an actin strand What are the three major steps leading up to muscle contraction? - Answer Release, Binding, Powerstroke (maybe, unsure) Explain excitation contraction coupling - Answer The elctrical stimulation of muscle fibers due to an action potential causes the binding of Ca+2 and causes muscle contraction Explain the contraction-relaxation cycle - Answer Ca ions bind and cause muscle contraction. Ions are removed via ATP and the muscle fiber relaxes What part of sarcomere contraction requires ATP? - Answer Relaxation What actions required for skeletal muscle contraction require ATP (3 actions)? - Answer

  1. Crossbridge formation and detachment
  2. Ca ion pumping
  3. Relaxation and tropomyosin re-covering How is calcium removed from the cytosol? - Answer ATP pumps Ca into the sarcoplasmic reticulum What are the 3 NRG systems for muscle contraction? - Answer 1. Phosphocreatine
  1. Anaerobic glycolysis
  2. Aerobic Respiration How does phosphocreatine renew ATP? - Answer PO4 group binds to ADP What is the difference between central and peripheral fatigue and what are causes for both? - Answer Central: in CNS, caused by heat and protective reflex Peripheral: in PNS, caused by low glycogen, low Ca ion release, ion imbalance What characteristics differentiate type 1 and 2 muscle fibers and what are the primary purposes of each? - Answer 1: Slow twitch, high in mitochondria, fatigue resistant, red color, endurance and posture 2: Fast-twitch, force and speed, low O2 dependence, fatigue quickly, sprinting, power movements How does muscle fiber length affect tension? - Answer Shorten=less tension Lengthen=more tension What is summation? - Answer An increase in force due to incomplete relaxation before contraction What is tetanus? - Answer When a muscle stays in a constant state of contraction What is a motor unti? - Answer a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates How do we get our muscles to generate a greater force? - Answer Recruitment What is the nerve to muscle ratio for generating force? Fine motor control? - Answer Force: high ratio of muscle to nerve Fine motor: low ration of muscle to nerve What are the elastic elements of skeletal muscle contraction? - Answer The portion of a muscle fiber that lacks sarcomeres and stretches during contraction to keep the muscle at the same length How are we able to generate force if limbs are not moving? - Answer Using both extensors (tricep) and the elasticity of muscle fibers What are the three types of levers and their advantages/disadvantages? - Answer Class 1: Fulcrum between load and force, good for fine motor mvmt, poor force Class 2: Fulcrum at on end, force at the other, load in middle. Good force production, poor precision Class 3: fulcrum and load at opposing ends, force in middle. Most common in body (elbow), rapid movement and good RoM, sacrifices force