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A comprehensive study set for chapter 11 of uccs human physiology, focusing on the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. It presents key differences between these systems, explores antagonistic control, and delves into the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The document also examines neurotransmitters, receptors, and the unique characteristics of the adrenal medulla. It concludes with a comparison of the efferent pathways of somatic and autonomic motor neurons and the importance of achase.
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Primary differences between autonomic and somatic divisions? - Answer Autonomic: Homeostasis control Somatic: motor movement, skeletal muscle What is antagonistic control? - Answer When a function is upregulated by one system and down regulated by the other What are exceptions to antagonistic control in the autonomic system? - Answer Sweat glands and male erection and ejaculation Primary differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems? - Answer Sympathetic: Fight or Flight, spinal nerves Parasympathetic: Rest and Digest, cranial/pelvic nerves What is the central integration locaiton for autonomic control? - Answer hypothalamus What neurotransmitters do the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches use? - Answer Sym: ACh and N. Epi P-Sym: ACh What is the difference between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors? - Answer Nicotinic: In CNS and Neuromuscular jxns Muscarinic: Both CNS and PNS, mediate the innervation of organs What are the characteristics of a1, b1, and b2 adrenergic receptors and what neuro transmitter are they sensitive to? - Answer a1: used for contraction and relaxation, norepinephrine b1: Increases cAMP levels, epi/norepi b2: Increases cAMP levels, epi>norepi What is a varicosity and where are they found? - Answer A swelling at the end of an axon in the autonomic system (usually multiple) that release neurotransmitter What is special about the adrenal medulla? - Answer Made of nervous tissue How is epi released into circulation - Answer Via the adrenal medulla (postganglionic neurons)
How does the efferent pathway of somatic motor neurons differ from autonomic motor neurons? - Answer Somatic: Targets skeletal muscle Autonomic: Targets smooth and cardiac muscle along with glands Why is AChase so important? - Answer Breaks down neurotransmitter in synaptic cleft which prevents unneeded action potentials from firing