Download U.S. History Archeology and European Colonization of America and more Exams Histology in PDF only on Docsity!
Liberty University Online Academy LUOA - U.S.
History
Archeology - The scientific study of material evidence of the past. Cahokia - A Native American city that boasted a population of 20,000 before the 1490's. Cactus Hill - One of the oldest archaeological sites in North America. Bering Strait Thesis - The most popular view is that the ice age lowered teh water level enough so that a land bridge appeared in teh Bering Strait. Pacific Ocean Thesis - Some of the Native America people could have crossed the Pacific Ocean from Asia by boat. Inuit - Lived in harsh environments in Alaska and the Far North. Kwakiutl - Lived near the coast of northern California to southern Alaska. Homes and canoes made of wood from the forests.
Intermountain Tribes - Lived in harsh landscapes within modern- day Southern California and among the Rocky Mountains. Lakota - Lived in the Great Plains, they were mostly farmers and hunters. Hunters lived in teepees when necessary. Pueblo (Southwest) - Desert and high area near cliffs and mountains. Many were cliff dwellers with large settlements build into cliff faces, they lived in Adobe houses. Europe before Christopher Columbus' first voyage... - ...America was not unknown. Scholars understood there was a land to the west and knew the world was round, but there were misunderstandings of the position and expanse of the land across the Atlantic Ocean. Contributing Factors to Exploration - Commercial and Economic Growth "New Monarchs" - Feudal barons consolidated power under one ruling authority often though force. Louis XI - French king who reorganized teh financial structure of the nation and consolidated his power. Henry VII - English King John II - Portuguese king who increased royal authority and encouraged overseas exploration. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain - United the kingdoms of Aragon and Castille which led to the Spanish Reconquista. Reconquista - The reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim people and rulers.
Hisponiola - Large Caribbean island consisting of Haiti and The Dominican Republic. La Navidad - The first Spanish settlement in the New World. Columbus' First Voyage - Columbus established La Navidad and returend to Europe. Columbus' Second Voyage - Columbus discovered La Navidad to be destroyed and the Spanish who were left behind were dead. Columbus reestablished the colony and named it Hispaniola after moving it to the Southern coast of Santo Domingo. Columbus' Third Voyage - Columbus explored the Southern Caribbean to South America until a mutiny on Hispaniola sent him back to Spain as a prisoner. Columbus' Fourth Voyage - He was able to exonerate himself and make a final trip to investigate Central America before his death a few years later. Amerigo Vespucci - He joined four expeditions to the New World, even captaining one of the vessels. He recieved primary credit for the discovery of the land that was later named for him, America. Treaty of Alcacovas - Portuguese treaty that ended the Castilian Civil War and ceded the Canaries to Spain. Pope Alexander VI - Pope of Rome who wanted authority in the New World. Treat of Tordesillas - Established Spanish rule over territory west of the Azores & Cape Verde Islands.
New Spain - Encompassed the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and north portions of South America. Hernando Cortez - Spanish conquistador who conquered Mexico. Francisco Pizarro - Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Incas in Peru. Encomienda System - Anticultural and mining work was done by forced labor at no cost to the Spanish, laborers were chosen at random nd not necessarily bound for all their lives. La Relacion - Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca's detailed journal of his 8-year, 5,000-mile trip from his place of shipwreck to New Spain. Hernando de Soto - Explored the Gulf Plains and crossed the Mississippi River into modern Arkansas. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado - Spanish explorer who explored as far as South-Central Kansas. Jacques Cartier (French Explorer) - Explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and sailed to Quebec and Montreal. Robert de La Salle (French Explorer) - Explored the Great Lakes, Mississippi River Valley, and the Gulf of Mexico and more. John Cabot - English explorer who disappeared while exploring North America after a storm in the Atlantic destroyed all but one of his ships. Ponce de Leon - Spanish explorer who discovered the Florida peninsula.
colonists died of starvation or disease. Conditions were bad enough for some to turn to canibalism. Pocahontas - Once the the colonists began to revolt against the Powhatan Confederacy, Chief Powhatan's daughter was captured and lived among the English, she eventually converted to Christianity, taking the Christian name Rebecca and married John Rolfe, a newly arrived colonist. Thomas West, Lord De la Warr - Governor of Jamestown who brought a system of dicipline. He ensured its implementation by installing an administrator, Thomas Dale. Thomas Dale - The governor of Jamestown who followed Thomas West. He expanded the colony and established other small settlements up the James River to the Fall Line at modern Richmond. Lawes, Divine, Morall, and Martiall - First legal code in the colonies. City of Henricus - The home of John Rebecca Rolfe, boasted the first hospital in the English colonies, a church, and fifty houses. "The Puritan Dilemma" - Men must live, work, and function in a fallen and sinful world must do so under strict parameters bound by religious conviction. Scrooby Congregation - A congregation of Puritan Separatists who left England seeking religious refuge in Holland, among the Dutch. Plymouth Colony - A colony established by the English Pilgrim Separatists.
Mayflower Compact - Established a foundation for civil government based on religious principles and a covenanted relationship to God. Massasoit - Leader of the Wampanoag tribe. Squanto and Samoset - Two English speaking natives that allied with the English at Plymouth. Thanksgiving - To the Pilgrims, a day of Thanksgiving was marked by humility, fasting, church attendance, and prayer. Not a day for feasting. Massachusetts Bay Colony - The colony established political freedom and a representative government. John Winthrop - Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill" The Massachusetts Body of Liberties - A list of 100 provisions including no taxation without representation, right to a trial by jury, right to due process, and other rides which we consider integral to our nation's idea of liberty. Governor William Berkeley (Virginia) - Governor of Virginia, help somewhat of an iron grip over the colony. Parish System - Parish leaders were responsible for seeing that tithes were paid and members were attending services. House of Burgesses - Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618. Opechancanough - Chief Powhatan's brother, led a surprise attack that killed 347 people in a single day.
Leonard Calvert - First governor of Maryland. Act of Toleration - Maryland law that forbade religious persecution. Maryland and Virginia's commercial mainstay was... - ...tabacco. Sir Ferdinando Gorges (Maine) - Founder of Maine John Mason (New Hampshire) - Founder of New Hampshire. John Wheelwright (Merrimac) - Established Exeter, between the Merrimac and Piscataquis Rivers. Thomas Hooker (Connecticut) - Established Connecticut. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - A way to provide a solid structure for Connecticut. Roger Williams (Rhode Island) - Founder of Rhode Island. The primary characteristic of Rhode Island was... - ...freedom of conscience. Catholics in Rhode Island were... - ...denied the "rights of freemen." 8 Proprietors of Carolina - Edward Hyde, George Monck, Lord Craven, Lord Berkeley, Sir Anthony Ashly Cooper, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkeley, Sir John Colleton Concessions and Agreements - Established a form of government with a governor-elected assembly with the power to tax and a provision for religious toleration.
Headright System - Established to encourage immigration. William Drummond - Appointed as the first governor and named the governor's council. Fundamental Constitutions - A way to address growing problems with governing. South Carolina was primarily... - ...made up of large plantations. North Carolina saw... - ...scattered settlements of poor farmers. Gullah Culture - A surviving aspect of African heritage in the Americas. Hendrick Christianensen - Established Fort Nassau as a place to trade furs with Native Americans. West India Company - Issued patroonships to any individual bringing 50 or more settlers to the colony. Peter Minuit - Purchased land from the local Indian tribes for goods valued at 60 guilders. Peter Stuyvesant (New Netherland) - A strong leader who attempted to bring order to New Netherland. [Stuyvesant/New Netherland] Humble Remonstrance & Petition of the Colonies in the New Netherland Province - Listed rights of its citizens stating they should have representation in lawmaking for the entire colony. John Scott - The self proclaimed president of Long Island who organized a revolution against Peter Stuyvesant.
No priesthood No rites or rituals No tithes Women speaking William Penn, Jr. - Founder of Pennsylvania. No Cross, No Crown by William Penn, Jr. - Claimed religion is found in the soul, not in any church building or organizational structure and that each person's cross was the "Inner Light." Frame of Government and Charter for Privileges - 4 separate Consituions under which Pennsylvania was governed. James Oglethorpe (Georgia) - Founder of Georgia [Oglethorpe/Georgia] Savannah - The first settlement in Georgia. Augusta - Became a busy Indian trading post. Age of Reason/The Englightenment - A wide-ranging movement that encompassed several schools of thought, including religion, politics, economics, society, and culture. Rational Christianity - Salvation was available to all and not just the elect. Scottish Common Sense - Developed by Thomas Reid, it is fundamental to understanding the political developments of the late 18th century. Half-Way Covenant - A compromise that allowed New England colonists to have their children baptized.
Jeremiad - A sermon preached against sin and emphasized the need for people to come into a right relationship with God. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts - Allowed the Anglican Church to make significant inroads into traditionally Puritan or Quaker strongholds. Solomon Stoddard - A minister from Massachusetts who criticized some New England pastors for their dull, boring preaching. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen - A German minister who came to the American colonies in 1720. Gilbert Tennet - Son of William Tennent. William Tennent - Founded the Log College. Log College - A private institution meant to train ministers. Johnathan Edwards - An evangelical leader, grandson and apprentice of Solomon Stoddard. Jonathan Edwards - Wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. George Whitefield - Anglican minister who helped spread revivals throughout the colonies. Samuel Davies - His one congregation in central Virginia quickly became fourteen, some more than 30 miles apart. Shubal Stearns - A Connecticut minister who is the beginning of the Baptists movement into Virginia. Dan River Church - The first Separate Baptist Church in Virginia.
The Proclamation of 1763 - Law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. Sir George Grenville - Prime Minister of Great Britain. Created the Stamp and Sugar Acts The Sugar Act - Law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies. The Stamp Act - Required that official documents be printed on embossed or stamped paper. This includes newspapers, deeds, wills, official court documents, marriage licenses, tavern licenses, and playing cards. Reaction to the Stamp Act in Virginia was [A] but Massachusetts was [B]. - [A] Peaceful / [B] Violent Sons of Liberty - Formed by Samuel Adams, the Sons of Liberty was an organization opposed to Britain's rule. Declaration of Rights and Grievances - Drew division between its authority to tax trade and their authority to directly tax the colonies. What was the goal for establishing New Netherland? - To be a commercial center.
