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Material Type: Notes; Class: Fundamentals for Chemistry; Subject: Chemistry; University: Portland Community College; Term: Unknown 1989;
Typology: Study notes
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Chapter 2: Measurements & Calculations Lecture Notes
Writing numbers in Scientific Notation 1 Locate the Decimal Point 2 Move the decimal point to the right of the non-zero digit in the largest place
There are 3 standard unit systems we will focus on:
Rules for Rounding Off
Exact Numbers are numbers that are assumed to have unlimited number of significant figures are considered to be known with “absolute” certainty. You do not need to consider or count significant figures for exact numbers. The following are considered exact numbers for CH100:
Unit conversion involving temperature is tricky since the “zero” value for each scale is different and thus requires accounting for this “offset” between the various scales. At 0oC, the Kelvin scale has a 273.15 unit “head start” and the Fahrenheit scale has a 32 unit head start
a. Celsius to Fahrenheit:
b. Celsius to Kelvin:
o o
o o F C o
180 F T T + 32 F 100 C
= (^)
K oC o
100K T T + 273.15K 100 C
= (^)
system. a. 1 kilogram is equal to the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept in a vault at Sevres, France. b. 1 kg has the weight equivalent (on Earth) of 2.205 lb
Conservation of Mass: The total quantity of mass is never
created nor destroyed during a chemical process