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Understanding Different Types of Epidemiology Studies and Related Terms, Slides of Biology

An overview of various types of epidemiology studies, including descriptive, observational, and experimental studies. It also defines key epidemiology terms such as incidence, prevalence, endemic, epidemic, pandemic, sporadic, propagated epidemic, and common-source outbreak. However, the last sentence seems unrelated to the topic and refers to horizontal transmission of culture between whales and dolphans.

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2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/18/2013

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Types of Epidemilogy Studies
Descriptive studies are simply those that describe the
events and rates of disease. They tend to be the first
sets of studies done. Observational studies then look
towards finding out the causes of the observed rates.
They are called "observational" since the epidemiologist
does not intervene in the assignment of exposure.
Experimental studies are formal research experiments.
The classic example is the randomized control trial
where one group is randomly assigned a treatment and
a control group gets the placebo or "usual" treatment.
Experimental studies are expensive and test a very
specific question. Usually a great deal of descriptive and
observational studies are done first.
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Types of Epidemilogy Studies

  • Descriptive studies are simply those that describe the events and rates of disease. They tend to be the first sets of studies done. Observational studies then look towards finding out the causes of the observed rates. They are called "observational" since the epidemiologist does not intervene in the assignment of exposure.
  • Experimental studies are formal research experiments. The classic example is the randomized control trial where one group is randomly assigned a treatment and a control group gets the placebo or "usual" treatment.
  • Experimental studies are expensive and test a very specific question. Usually a great deal of descriptive and observational studies are done first.

Some Definitions from Epidemiology

  • Incidence New cases per some interval time
  • Prevalence # of cases per some interval time
  • Endemic Consistently non-zero prevalence
  • Epidemic  (increasing) incidence
  • Pandemic World-wide  incidence
  • Sporadic Prevalence sometimes 0 but not predictably so
  • Propagated epidemic  incidence propagated by individual-to-individual transmission
  • Common-source outbreak  incidence propagated by something other than infected individuals