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An overview of different types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. It explains the definition of each reaction type, provides examples, and discusses how to identify the type of reaction based on the reactants. The document also includes illustrations to help clarify the concepts.
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Chemical changes are a result of chemical reactions.
All chemical reactions involve a change in substances and a change in energy.
Neither matter or energy is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction---only changed.
Chemical Reactions
#1 Synthesis Reactions
Synthesis = combine = put together
Two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance.
The reaction through the equation:
reactant + reactant -------> product A + B -------> AB
Ca + O 2 CaO
SO 3 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4
For example, simple hydrogen gas combined with simple oxygen gas can produce a more complex substance— water!
The chemical equation for this synthesis reaction is:
2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O
#1 Synthesis Reactions
metal + oxygen metal oxide
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe 2 O3(s)
nonmetal + oxygen nonmetal oxide
S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
metal oxide + water metallic hydroxide
MgO(s) + H 2 O(l) 2Mg(OH)2(s)
#1 Synthesis Reactions
nonmetallic oxide + water acid
SO3(g) + H 2 O(l) H 2 SO4(aq)
metal + nonmetal salt
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)
#1 Synthesis Reactions
In a decomposition reaction a more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts.
One reactant yields 2 or more products. Basically, synthesis and decomposition reactions are opposites. reactant -------> product + product AB -------> A + B
#2 Decomposition Reactions
For example, water can be broken down into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
The chemical equation for this decomposition reaction looks like:
2H 2 O 2H 2 + O 2
#2 Decomposition Reactions
The explosion of a dynamite is an example of a decomposition reaction.
Nitroglycerin, which can be activated merely by shaking, decomposes as follows: 4C 3 H 5 (NO 3 )3(l) 6N2 (g) + 12CO2(g) + 10H 20 (g) + O2(g)
#2 Decomposition Reactions
The egg (the reactant), which contained the turtle at one time, now has opened and the turtle (product) and egg shell (product) are now two separate substances.
#2 Decomposition Reactions
Some oxides, when heated, decompose.
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Some acids, when heated, decompose into nonmetallic oxides and water. H 2 SO4(s) H 2 O(l) + SO3(g)
#2 Decomposition Reactions
#3 Single Displacement
In a single displacement reaction a single uncombined element replaces another in a compound.
Two reactants yield two products. reactant + reactant ---------> product + product AB + C -------> AC + B
#3 Single Replacement
Metals replace metals (and hydrogen)
Think of water as HOH
Metals replace one of the H’s, combine with hydroxide.
Notice, the guy in the orange shirt steals the date of the other guy. So, a part of one of the reactants trades places and is in a different place among the products.
#3 Single Displacement